The DOI matches its Crossref record.
Environmental risk factors in Parkinson's disease
Abstract
To investigate possible risk factors for Parkinson's disease (PD) we conducted a case-control study of 150 PD patients and 150 age- and sex-matched controls. We interviewed and examined all 300 subjects. We collected demographic data including lifetime histories of places of residence, source of drinking water, and occupations such as farming. Subjects completed a detailed questionnaire regarding herbicide/pesticide exposure. Rural living and drinking well water were significantly increased in the PD patients. This was observed regardless of age at disease onset. Drinking well water was dependent on rural living. There were no significant differences between cases and controls for farming or any measure of exposure to herbicides or pesticides. These data provide further evidence that an environmental toxin could be involved in the etiology of PD.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cited by
Epidemiology and etiology of Parkinson's disease: a review of the evidence
Wirdefeldt, K., Adami, H.-O., Cole, P., Trichopoulos, D., & Mandel, J. (2011) · European Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1007/s10654-011-9581-6 · Cited by 1,199
de Rijk, M. C., Tzourio, C., Breteler, M. M., Dartigues, J. F., Amaducci, L., Lopez-Pousa, S., Manubens-Bertran, J. M., Alperovitch, A., & Rocca, W. A. (1997) · Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry · doi:10.1136/jnnp.62.1.10 · Cited by 833
Epidemiology of parkinson’s disease
Tanner, C. M., & Goldman, S. M. (1996) · Neurologic Clinics · doi:10.1016/s0733-8619(05)70259-0 · Cited by 640
Self-citationExposure to pesticides or solvents and risk of Parkinson disease
Pezzoli, G., & Cereda, E. (2013) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.0b013e318294b3c8 · Cited by 331
Furuno, T., Landi, M.-T., Ceroni, M., Caporaso, N., Bernucci, I., Nappi, G., Martignoni, E., Schaeffeler, E., Eichelbaum, M., Schwab, M., et al. (2002) · Pharmacogenetics · doi:10.1097/00008571-200210000-00004 · Cited by 178
Metadata
- Authors
- Koller, W., Vetere-Overfield, B., Gray, C., Alexander, C., Chin, T., Dolezal, J., Hassanein, R., & Tanner, C.
- Venue
- Neurology
- Published
- 1990-08
- Volume
- 40
- Issue
- 8
- Pages
- 1218-1218
- ISSN
- 0028-3878 (ISSN-L)
- 1526-632X
- OpenAlex
- W2034067256
- Cited by
- 260
- References
- 0
- FWCI
- 7.80
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Environmental risk factors in Parkinson's disease. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1212/wnl.40.8.1218
- The paper
- Koller, W., Vetere-Overfield, B., Gray, C., Alexander, C., Chin, T., Dolezal, J., Hassanein, R., & Tanner, C. (1990). Environmental risk factors in Parkinson's disease. Neurology. https://doi.org/10.1212/wnl.40.8.1218
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
