Epidemiology of parkinson’s disease

Tanner, Caroline M.; Goldman, Samuel M.

doi:10.1016/s0733-8619(05)70259-0

Cited by 640Parkinson's Disease Mechanisms and TreatmentsNeurological disorders and treatmentsNuclear Receptors and Signaling

Epidemiology of parkinson’s disease

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Tanner, Caroline M., Goldman, Samuel M.·1996·Neurologic Clinics

DOI 10.1016/s0733-8619(05)70259-0PMC PMC7173037

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Abstract

The epidemiologic studies reviewed here have provided insights into the etiology of PD. Evidence increasingly suggests that, like many other chronic age-related diseases, PD is a multifactorial disorder, with both genes and environment contributing to risk. As the elderly population of the world grows, incidence and prevalence of PD will continue to increase, underscoring the importance of further delineating risk factors. The introduction of levodopa and other pharmacologic therapies over the last 2 decades has postponed disease morbidity and mortality, but morbidity and mortality still are increased markedly relative to unaffected individuals. The development of therapies that may slow disease progression makes early identification and treatment of PD particularly important. Investigations of early markers of PD, or markers of disease susceptibility, are critical areas for future research. These efforts all will be aided by careful collaboration between epidemiologists and laboratory scientists.

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Stress and aging are prerequisites for neurodegenerative disease.
“Stress and aging are prerequisites for neurodegenerative disease [66].”
From The Role of Cortisol in Chronic Stress, Neurodegenerative Diseases, and Psychological Disorders (2023) · cites this paper as [66]
The Age section identifies increasing age as an unequivocal risk factor for Parkinson’s disease, while Emotional Stress describes stress as only a possible contributor whose relationship to disease development remains uncertain. Neither section says that both are prerequisites, and the paper addresses Parkinson’s disease rather than neurodegenerative disease generally. (LLM, conf=0.86)
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[14]Breteler M.M. Tzourio C. Manubens-Bertran J.M. Risk factors for Parkinson's disease: A population-based case-control study Neurology 45 suppl 4 1995 A214 10371537

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Authors: Tanner, C. M., & Goldman, S. M.
Affiliations: Parkinson's Institute and Clinical Center (US)
ORCID: Tanner, Caroline M.
Goldman, Samuel M.
Venue: Neurologic Clinics
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Published: 1996-05
Volume: 14
Issue: 2
Pages: 317-335
ISSN: 0733-8619 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1016/s0733-8619(05)70259-0
PMC: PMC7173037
OpenAlex: W2084553926
Semantic Scholar: 722f96a983f226977773068a6a70c00979c0cbd5
Cited by: 640
References: 240
Citations by year: 2026: 9 · 2025: 10 · 2024: 17 · 2023: 29 · 2022: 23 · 2021: 26 · 2020: 14 · 2019: 24 · 2018: 35 · 2017: 36 · 2016: 28 · 2015: 26 · 2014: 32 · 2013: 28 · 2012: 19
FWCI: 11.14
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: green
www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
Licence: www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
Locations: Neurologic Clinics (publishedVersion)
PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders: National Cancer Institute (R01CA094089)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Neurology › Parkinson's Disease Mechanisms and Treatments
Health Sciences › Medicine › Neurology › Neurological disorders and treatments
Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Nuclear Receptors and Signaling
Keywords: Parkinson's disease, etiology, complex diseases, genetic risk factors, environmental risk factors, incidence, prevalence, levodopa, early markers, disease susceptibility, disease progression
MeSH terms: Aged, Consanguinity, Diet, Environmental Exposure, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Parkinson Disease, Risk Factors, Smoking, Global Health, Hazardous Substances, Incidence, Prevalence, Age Distribution, Sex Distribution, Patient Selection

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