The DOI matches its Crossref record; 16 of the 16 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
The Impact of Postoperative Pain on the Development of Postoperative Delirium
Abstract
We performed a prospective observational study to examine the role of postoperative pain and its treatment on the development of postoperative delirium.Pain was measured in direct patient interviews using a visual analog scale (VAS) and was assessed for pain at rest, pain with movement, and maximal pain over the previous 24 h. Postoperative delirium was diagnosed during these interviews by using the confusion assessment method (CAM) and/or by using data from the medical record and the hospital's nursing intensity index. The method of postoperative analgesia, type of opioid, and cumulative opioid dose were also recorded. After controlling for known preoperative risk factors for delirium (age, alcohol abuse, cognitive function, physical function, serum chemistries, and type of surgery), higher pain scores at rest was associated with an increased risk of delirium over the first 3 postoperative days (adjusted risk ratio 1.20, P = 0.04). Pain with movement and maximal pain were not associated with delirium. Method of postoperative analgesia, type of opioid, and cumulative opioid dose were not associated with an increased risk of delirium. We conclude that more effective control of postoperative pain reduces the incidence of postoperative delirium. Implications: We performed daily interviews in a large population of patients undergoing noncardiac surgery to measure their level of pain and development of delirium. We found an association between higher pain levels at rest and the development of delirium. Our results suggest that better control of postoperative pain may reduce this serious complication. (Anesth Analg 1998;86:781-5)
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Clarifying Confusion: The Confusion Assessment Method: A New Method for Detection of Delirium
Inouye, S. K., van Dyck, C. H., Alessi, C. A., Balkin, S., Siegal, A. P., & Horwitz, R. I. (1990) · Annals of Internal Medicine · doi:10.7326/0003-4819-113-12-941 · Cited by 5,250
Graphic representation of pain
Scott, J., & Huskisson, E. C. (1976) · Pain · doi:10.1016/0304-3959(76)90113-5 · Cited by 2,706
Telephone Interview for Cognitive Status
Brandt, J., Spencer, M., & Folstein, M. (2022) · PsycTESTS Dataset · doi:10.1037/t28542-000 · Cited by 1,474
Goldman, L., Hashimoto, B., Cook, E. F., & Loscalzo, A. (1981) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/01.cir.64.6.1227 · Cited by 978
Self-citationFoley, K. M. (1985) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm198507113130205 · Cited by 974
A Prospective Study of Delirium in Hospitalized Elderly
Francis, J. (1990) · JAMA: The Journal of the American Medical Association · doi:10.1001/jama.1990.03440080075027 · Cited by 908
A Clinical Prediction Rule for Delirium After Elective Noncardiac Surgery
Marcantonio, E. R. (1994) · JAMA: The Journal of the American Medical Association · doi:10.1001/jama.1994.03510260066030 · Cited by 864
Self-citationDelirium (Acute Confusional States)
Lipowski, Z. J. (1987) · JAMA: The Journal of the American Medical Association · doi:10.1001/jama.1987.03400130103041 · Cited by 788
The Relationship of Postoperative Delirium With Psychoactive Medications
Marcantonio, E. R. (1994) · JAMA: The Journal of the American Medical Association · doi:10.1001/jama.1994.03520190064036 · Cited by 564
Self-citationRisk Factors for Delirium in Hospitalized Elderly
Schor, J. D. (1992) · JAMA: The Journal of the American Medical Association · doi:10.1001/jama.1992.03480060073033 · Cited by 506
Cited by
Incidence, risk factors and consequences of ICU delirium
Ouimet, S., Kavanagh, B. P., Gottfried, S. B., & Skrobik, Y. (2007) · Intensive Care Medicine · doi:10.1007/s00134-006-0399-8 · Cited by 972
Morrison, R. S., Magaziner, J., Gilbert, M., Koval, K. J., McLaughlin, M. A., Orosz, G., Strauss, E., & Siu, A. L. (2003) · The Journals of Gerontology Series A: Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences · doi:10.1093/gerona/58.1.m76 · Cited by 783
Preoperative prediction of severe postoperative pain
Kalkman, J. C., Visser, K., Moen, J., Bonsel, J. G., Grobbee, E. D., & Moons, M. K. G. (2003) · Pain · doi:10.1016/s0304-3959(03)00252-5 · Cited by 616
The impact of post-operative pain on outcomes following hip fracture
Morrison, S. R., Magaziner, J., McLaughlin, M. A., Orosz, G., Silberzweig, S. B., Koval, K. J., & Siu, A. L. (2003) · Pain · doi:10.1016/s0304-3959(02)00458-x · Cited by 616
Yang, M. M. H., Hartley, R. L., Leung, A. A., Ronksley, P. E., Jetté, N., Casha, S., & Riva-Cambrin, J. (2019) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2018-025091 · Cited by 414
Metadata
- Authors
- Lynch, E. P., Lazor, M. A., Gellis, J. E., Orav, J., Goldman, L., & Marcantonio, E. R.
- Venue
- Anesthesia & Analgesia
- Published
- 1998-04
- Volume
- 86
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 781-785
- ISSN
- 0003-2999 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W4245362645
- Cited by
- 291
- References
- 16
- FWCI
- 5.69
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: The Impact of Postoperative Pain on the Development of Postoperative Delirium. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1213/00000539-199804000-00019
- The paper
- Lynch, E. P., Lazor, M. A., Gellis, J. E., Orav, J., Goldman, L., & Marcantonio, E. R. (1998). The Impact of Postoperative Pain on the Development of Postoperative Delirium. Anesthesia & Analgesia. https://doi.org/10.1213/00000539-199804000-00019
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
