The DOI matches its Crossref record; 9 of the 9 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Propofol Wastage in Anesthesia
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Drug waste has been implicated as a significant contributor to environmental contamination and unnecessary health care costs. METHODS: We collected the contents of pharmaceutical waste collection containers in each of 8 operating rooms, sorted them by hand, and tabulated the results. Propofol returned to the pharmacy was not counted as wasted drug. RESULTS: Wasted or discarded propofol accounted for 45% of all the drug waste. CONCLUSIONS: Propofol does not degrade in nature, accumulates in body fat, and is toxic to aquatic life. We reduced wastage by removing 50 and 100 mL vials of propofol from the pharmacy, retaining only the smallest size (20 mL).
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In the citing paper
“Nevertheless, the life-cycle carbon emission is lower than in inhalation anesthesia.”
From A call for immediate climate action in anesthesiology: routine use of minimal or metabolic fresh gas flow reduces our ecological footprint (2023) · cites this paper as [70]
In the citing paper
“Nevertheless, performing TIVA instead of inhalational anesthesia has environmental costs of its own because of the increased disposable plastic waste, higher propofol consumption, and consecutively increased wastage rate.70,71”
From A call for immediate climate action in anesthesiology: routine use of minimal or metabolic fresh gas flow reduces our ecological footprint (2023) · cites this paper as [70]
Citations
Cites
The Successful Implementation of Pharmaceutical Practice Guidelines
Lubarsky, D. A., Glass, P. S. A., Ginsberg, B., Dear, G. D. L., Dentz, M. E., Gan, T. J., Sanderson, I. C., Mythen, M. G., Malthouse-Dufore, S., Pressley, C. C., et al. (1997) · Anesthesiology · doi:10.1097/00000542-199705000-00019 · Cited by 142
Drug Use Inefficiency: A Hidden Source of Wasted Health Care Dollars
Gillerman, R. G., & Browning, R. A. (2000) · Anesthesia & Analgesia · doi:10.1097/00000539-200010000-00028 · Cited by 103
The economic impact of wasted prescription medication in an outpatient population of older adults.
Morgan, T. M. (2001) · PubMed · Cited by 64
Drug wastage contributes significantly to the cost of routine anesthesia care
Weinger, M. B. (2001) · Journal of Clinical Anesthesia · doi:10.1016/s0952-8180(01)00317-8 · Cited by 58
Gilbert, N. (2011) · Nature · doi:10.1038/476265a · Cited by 54
Body, S. C., Fanikos, J. R., DePeiro, D., Philip, J. H., & Segal, S. (1999) · Anesthesiology · doi:10.1097/00000542-199904000-00033 · Cited by 50
Undocumented drug utilization and drug waste increase costs of pediatric anesthesia care
Nava‐Ocampo, A. A., Alarcón-Almanza, J. M., Moyao‐García, D., Ramírez‐Mora, J. C., & Salmerón, J. (2004) · Fundamental and Clinical Pharmacology · doi:10.1046/j.0767-3981.2003.00214.x · Cited by 37
A Method to Compare Costs of Drugs and Supplies among Anesthesia Providers
Dexter, F., Lubarsky, D. A., Gilbert, B. C., & Thompson, C. (1998) · Anesthesiology · doi:10.1097/00000542-199805000-00027 · Cited by 26
Dexter, F., Maguire, D., & Epstein, R. H. (2011) · Anaesthesia and Intensive Care · doi:10.1177/0310057x1103900318 · Cited by 23
Research works printed but not linked: 1
- Alvarez, 2008, Reconnaissance of persistent and emerging contaminants in the Shenandoah and James River Basins, VA, during Spring 2007., US Geologic Survey Open File Report, 1231, 1
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Life cycle greenhouse gas emissions of anesthetic drugs
Sherman, J., Le, C., Lamers, V., & Eckelman, M. (2012) · Anesthesia & Analgesia · doi:10.1213/ane.0b013e31824f6940 · Cited by 496
Environmental sustainability in anaesthesia and critical care
McGain, F., Muret, J. C., Lawson, C., & Sherman, J. D. (2020) · British Journal of Anaesthesia · doi:10.1016/j.bja.2020.06.055 · Cited by 491
Operating room greening initiatives—The old, the new, and the way forward: A narrative review
Wyssusek, K. H., Keys, M. T., & van Zundert, A. A. J. (2019) · Waste Management & Research: The Journal for a Sustainable Circular Economy · doi:10.1177/0734242x18793937 · Cited by 217
Environmental and Occupational Considerations of Anesthesia: A Narrative Review and Update
Varughese, S., & Raza, A. (2021) · Anesthesia & Analgesia · doi:10.1213/ane.0000000000005504 · Cited by 206
The carbon footprint of general anaesthetics: A case study in the UK
Hu, X., Pierce, J. T., Taylor, T., & Morrissey, K. (2021) · Resources Conservation and Recycling · doi:10.1016/j.resconrec.2021.105411 · Cited by 140
Metadata
- Authors
- Mankes, R. F.
- Affiliations
- Albany Medical College (US)
- Corresponding author
- Mankes, Russell F.
- Venue
- Anesthesia & Analgesia
- Published
- 2012-05
- Volume
- 114
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 1091-1092
- ISSN
- 0003-2999 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2018833561
- Cited by
- 140
- References
- 9
- Citations by year
- 2026: 18 · 2025: 13 · 2024: 29 · 2023: 18 · 2022: 16 · 2021: 10 · 2020: 13 · 2019: 7 · 2018: 2 · 2017: 2 · 2016: 3 · 2015: 1 · 2014: 4 · 2013: 1 · 2012: 3
- FWCI
- 2.79
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Anesthesia & Analgesia (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Healthcare and Environmental Waste Management
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Safe Handling of Antineoplastic Drugs
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine › Anesthesia and Sedative Agents
- Keywords
- propofol, pharmaceutical waste, operating room, anesthesia, environmental contamination, waste reduction, aquatic toxicity
- MeSH terms
- Anesthesia, Drug Packaging, Environmental Pollution, Medical Waste, Propofol, Health Care Costs, Medical Waste Disposal, Anesthetics, Intravenous
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