Student or educator? Sign up with your school email and get 6 months of Pro free.
Cited by 558

The DOI matches its Crossref record.

Some Theorems on Quadratic Forms Applied in the Study of Analysis of Variance Problems, II. Effects of Inequality of Variance and of Correlation Between Errors in the Two-Way Classification

Open access
Box, G. E. P.·1954·The Annals of Mathematical Statistics

Abstract

Theorems already enunciated in a previous paper on quadratic forms are used to determine the effects of inequality of variance and first order serial correlation of errors in the two-way classification on the analysis of variance. It is found that when the appropriate null hypothesis is true, inequality of variance from column to column results in an increased chance of exceeding the significance point for the test on homogeneity of column means, and a decreased chance for the corresponding test on row means. For moderate differences in variance neither effect is large. First order serial correlation within rows produces a large effect on the "between rows" comparisons, but little effect on the "between columns" comparisons.

Overview

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1214/aoms/1177728717

Cites

Statistics

Verification

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

Citations

Cited by

See all 558

Metadata

Authors
Box, G. E. P.
Venue
The Annals of Mathematical Statistics
Published
1954-09
Volume
25
Issue
3
Pages
484-498
ISSN
0003-4851 (ISSN-L)
OpenAlex
W2087747394
Cited by
558
References
0
FWCI
3.39
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
bronze

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

How to cite

Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.

This page
CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Some Theorems on Quadratic Forms Applied in the Study of Analysis of Variance Problems, II. Effects of Inequality of Variance and of Correlation Between Errors in the Two-Way Classification. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1214/aoms/1177728717
The paper
Box, G. E. P. (1954). Some Theorems on Quadratic Forms Applied in the Study of Analysis of Variance Problems, II. Effects of Inequality of Variance and of Correlation Between Errors in the Two-Way Classification. The Annals of Mathematical Statistics. https://doi.org/10.1214/aoms/1177728717

Data sources

Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.

Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).

Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.