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Cited by 477

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 161 of the 161 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Covariance Adjustment in Randomized Experiments and Observational Studies

Open access
Rosenbaum, Paul R.·2002·Statistical Science

Abstract

By slightly reframing the concept of covariance adjustment in randomized experiments, a method of exact permutation inference is derived that is entirely free of distributional assumptions and uses the random assignment of treatments as the "reasoned basis for inference.'' This method of exact permutation inference may be used with many forms of covariance adjustment, including robust regression and locally weighted smoothers. The method is then generalized to observational studies where treatments were not randomly assigned, so that sensitivity to hidden biases must be examined. Adjustments using an instrumental variable are also discussed. The methods are illustrated using data from two observational studies.

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Metadata

Authors
Rosenbaum, P. R.
Venue
Statistical Science
Published
2002-08-01
Volume
17
Issue
3
Pages
286-327
ISSN
0883-4237 (ISSN-L)
OpenAlex
W1597230962
Cited by
477
References
161
FWCI
6.84
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
bronze

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CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Covariance Adjustment in Randomized Experiments and Observational Studies. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1214/ss/1042727942
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Rosenbaum, P. R. (2002). Covariance Adjustment in Randomized Experiments and Observational Studies. Statistical Science. https://doi.org/10.1214/ss/1042727942

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