Sassy Mouths, Unfettered Spirits, and the Neo-Lynching of Korryn Gaines and Sandra Bland
Abstract
This work develops and conceptualizes a new theory, Post Traumatic Slave Master Syndrome, that is utilized to critically correlate historic patterns of lynching Black women to contemporary violent state (actor) responses to Black women’s resistance, specifically relating to the neo-lynching of Korryn Gaines and Sandra Bland. This work deviates from the tradition of analyzing the history and contemporary effects of racism and white supremacy, patriarchy, lynching, policing, and state-sponsored violence from the perspective of the effects upon the victim and instead critiques how white supremacy affects the perpetrator. This chapter contributes to ensuring that Black women resisters continue to #SayHerName.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
White supremist values continue to oppress, marginalize, isolate, govern, police, subjugate, reduce, and justify control and violence against Black women, from the lynching of Mary Turner to institutionalized racism endured by Black women professionals in academia.
“From the lynching of Mary Turner and her unborn baby, the execution of Breonna Taylor, to institutionalized racism endured by Black women professionals in academia, White supremist values continue to serve to oppress, marginalize, isolate, govern, police, subjugate, reduce, and justify control and violence against Black women (Beauboeuf-Lafontant, 2009;Collins, 2000;Spencer & Perlow, 2018).”
From Next Wave of Post Traumatic Slave Syndrome Survivors (2021) · cites this paper as Spencer & Perlow, 2018
Spencer and Perlow (2018) extend DeGruy's PTSS theory by adding Master-Post Traumatic Slave Master Syndrome (PTSMS) to capture ways the actor perpetuates historical patterns of lynchings towards Black women resisters.
“Conceptually, Spencer and Perlow (2018) extend DeGruy's PTSS theory, adding”
From Next Wave of Post Traumatic Slave Syndrome Survivors (2021) · cites this paper as Spencer and Perlow, 2018
Cites
A Theory of Cognitive Dissonance
Festinger, L. (1957) · doi:10.1515/9781503620766 · Cited by 24,241 · see citing works
Black Feminist Thought: Knowledge, Consciousness, and the Politics of Empowerment.
Brewer, R. M., & Collins, P. H. (1992) · Contemporary Sociology · doi:10.2307/2074808 · Cited by 19,445 · see citing works
A Theory of Cognitive Dissonance
Morvan, C., & O’Connor, A. (2017) · Macat Library eBooks · doi:10.4324/9781912282432 · Cited by 18,284 · see citing works
Yearning: Race, Gender, and Cultural Politics
hooks, B. (1990) · Cited by 4,317 · see citing works
(1997) · Penn Carey Law Legal Scholarship Repository (University of Pennsylvania) · Cited by 2,736 · see citing works
Black sexual politics: African Americans, gender, and the new racism
(2005) · Choice Reviews Online · doi:10.5860/choice.42-3729 · Cited by 1,940 · see citing works
Freiré, P. (1985) · doi:10.1007/978-1-349-17771-4 · Cited by 1,785 · see citing works
The Politics of Education: Culture, Power and Liberation
Bruno-Jofre, R. D. C., Freiré, P., & Macedo, D. P. (1986) · Canadian Journal of Education / Revue canadienne de l éducation · doi:10.2307/1494617 · Cited by 1,396 · see citing works
Stamped from the Beginning: The Definitive History of Racist Ideas in America
Jacobson, M. F. (2017) · Journal of American History · doi:10.1093/jahist/jax014 · Cited by 1,181 · see citing works
Explorations in cognitive dissonance.
Brehm, J. W., & Cohen, A. R. (1962) · John Wiley & Sons, Inc. eBooks · doi:10.1037/11622-000 · Cited by 1,118 · see citing works
Feagin, J. R., & Ducey, K. (2010) · Routledge eBooks · doi:10.4324/9780203076828 · Cited by 851 · see citing works
Off White: Readings on Race, Power, and Society
Perry, P., Fine, M., Weis, L., Powell, L. C., & Wong, L. M. (1998) · Contemporary Sociology A Journal of Reviews · doi:10.2307/2654709 · Cited by 845 · see citing works
Sister citizen: shame, stereotypes, and black women in America
(2012) · Choice Reviews Online · doi:10.5860/choice.49-4741 · Cited by 801 · see citing works
The Strange Career of Jim Crow.
Richards, E. S., & Woodward, C. V. (1955) · American Sociological Review · doi:10.2307/2092589 · Cited by 744 · see citing works
Wellman, D. T. (1993) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511625480 · Cited by 651 · see citing works
White Rage: The Unspoken Truth of Our Racial Divide
Hauge, D. J. (2017) · Journal of Pastoral Theology · doi:10.1080/10649867.2017.1402555 · Cited by 611 · see citing works
In the name of hate: understanding hate crimes
(2001) · Choice Reviews Online · doi:10.5860/choice.39-1899 · Cited by 539 · see citing works
Stamped from the Beginning: The Definitive History of Racist Ideas in America
Kendi, I. X. (2016) · Cited by 421 · see citing works
Southern horrors: women and the politics of rape and lynching
Feimster, C. (2010) · Choice Reviews Online · doi:10.5860/choice.47-4603 · Cited by 409 · see citing works
An American Dilemma, the Negro Problem and Modern Democracy
Wyzanski, C. E., & Myrdal, G. (1944) · Harvard Law Review · doi:10.2307/1335365 · Cited by 373 · see citing works
Whitewashing race: the myth of a color-blind society
(2004) · Choice Reviews Online · doi:10.5860/choice.41-4987 · Cited by 339 · see citing works
Sue, D. W. (2003) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9780787979690 · Cited by 338 · see citing works
Thomas, A. R., Sillen, S., & Hammond, P. B. (1972) · Journal of the American Academy of Child Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/s0002-7138(09)61177-8 · Cited by 264 · see citing works
Martin, R. L., & Pollock, J. L. (1976) · Philosophy and Phenomenological Research · doi:10.2307/2106935 · Cited by 250 · see citing works
White Rage: The Unspoken Truth of Our Racial Divide
Anderson, C. R. (2016) · Cited by 245 · see citing works
Wood, A. (2009) · University of North Carolina Press eBooks · doi:10.5149/9780807878118_wood · Cited by 240 · see citing works
The Strange Career of Jim Crow
Kranz, M. M. (1974) · History Reviews of New Books · doi:10.1080/03612759.1974.9946475 · Cited by 222 · see citing works
The Social Construction of Whiteness: Racism by Intent, Racism by Consequence
Guess, T. J. (2006) · Critical Sociology · doi:10.1163/156916306779155199 · Cited by 217 · see citing works
James, J. (1999) · Palgrave Macmillan US eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-137-06751-7 · Cited by 170 · see citing works
Lynching and spectacle: witnessing racial violence in America, 1890-1940
(2009) · Choice Reviews Online · doi:10.5860/choice.47-0489 · Cited by 167 · see citing works
McElya, M. (2007) · Harvard University Press eBooks · doi:10.4159/9780674040793 · Cited by 161 · see citing works
Shadowboxing: Representations of Black Feminist Politics
James, J. (1999) · Texas ScholarWorks (Texas Digital Library) · Cited by 128 · see citing works
Black Sexual Politics: African Americans, Gender, and the New Racism
Luft, R. E. (2005) · Contemporary Sociology A Journal of Reviews · doi:10.1177/009430610503400412 · Cited by 123 · see citing works
Sosa, E. (2019) · doi:10.1002/9781119420828.ch15 · Cited by 112 · see citing works
Barajas, H. L., Chomsky, N., & Macedo, D. P. (2001) · Contemporary Sociology A Journal of Reviews · doi:10.2307/3089040 · Cited by 109 · see citing works
Bailey, A. K., & Tolnay, S. E. (2015) · University of North Carolina Press eBooks · doi:10.5149/northcarolina/9781469620879.001.0001 · Cited by 85 · see citing works
Whitewashing Race: The Myth of a Color-Blind Society
Maume, D. J. (2004) · Contemporary Sociology A Journal of Reviews · doi:10.1177/009430610403300514 · Cited by 83 · see citing works
Rushdy, A. H. A. (2012) · Yale University Press eBooks · doi:10.12987/yale/9780300181388.001.0001 · Cited by 75 · see citing works
The Concept of Self: A Study of Black Identity and Self-Esteem
Allen, R. (2001) · Contemporary Sociology A Journal of Reviews · doi:10.2307/3089410 · Cited by 73 · see citing works
Popular justice: a history of lynching in America
(2012) · Choice Reviews Online · doi:10.5860/choice.49-2865 · Cited by 72 · see citing works
The House That Race Built: Black Americans, U.S. Terrain.
Savage, B. D., & Lubiano, W. H. (1999) · The Journal of Southern History · doi:10.2307/2587427 · Cited by 71 · see citing works
Randolph, S. M. (2015) · University of North Carolina Press eBooks · doi:10.5149/northcarolina/9781469623917.001.0001 · Cited by 60 · see citing works
Policing the national body: sex, race, and criminalization
(2003) · Choice Reviews Online · doi:10.5860/choice.40-3720 · Cited by 58 · see citing works
Moss, D. B. (2003) · Cited by 51 · see citing works
Deals with the Devil : and other reasons to riot
Cleage, P. (1993) · Cited by 48 · see citing works
(2013) · University of Illinois Press eBooks · doi:10.5406/illinois/9780252037467.001.0001 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Stevens, J. W. (2002) · doi:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195121643.001.0001 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
Wormser, R. (2003) · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Anatomy of a Lynching: The Killing of Claude Neal
Carter, D. T., & McGovern, J. R. (1983) · The American Historical Review · doi:10.2307/1864754 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Spencer, Z., & Perlow, O. N. (2018) · Journal of African American Studies · doi:10.1007/s12111-018-9399-3 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Self-citationLynching, racial violence, and law
Finkelman, P. (1992) · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Lynched: The Victims of Southern Mob Violence
Williams, K. E. (2016) · Journal of American History · doi:10.1093/jahist/jaw083 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Hanging Bridge: Racial Violence and America's Civil Rights Century
Ward, J. M. (2016) · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Jim Crow's legacy: the lasting impact of segregation
(2015) · Choice Reviews Online · doi:10.5860/choice.189490 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Lynching Beyond Dixie: American Mob Violence Outside the South
Pfeifer, M. (2013) · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Vigilantes and Lynch Mobs: Narratives of Community and Nation
Arellano, L. (2012) · Project Muse (Johns Hopkins University) · Cited by 12 · see citing works
White man's heaven: the lynching and expulsion of blacks in the Southern Ozarks, 1894-1909
(2011) · Choice Reviews Online · doi:10.5860/choice.48-6485 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Vigilantes and Lynch Mobs: Narratives of Community and Nation
Baker, B. E. (2013) · Journal of American History · doi:10.1093/jahist/jat002 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Black Saga: The African American Experience: A Chronology
Christian, C. M., & Bennett, S. (1995) · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Africana Theory, Policy, and Leadership
(2017) · Routledge eBooks · doi:10.4324/9781315082936 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Black Saga: The African American experience: a chronology
Killingray, D. (1999) · African Affairs · doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.afraf.a008060 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Radical distortion: how emotions warp what we hear
(2013) · Choice Reviews Online · doi:10.5860/choice.50-5305 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
1 of the 64 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Next Wave of Post Traumatic Slave Syndrome Survivors
Rodgers, S. T. (2021) · Advances in Social Work · doi:10.18060/24159 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
“Whether protecting forebearer’s stories, fighting for justice against neolynchings of Breonna Taylor and unnamed generations (Spencer & Perlow, 2018), or advancing the wellness of Black women professional resisters in academia who have suffered from race-related trauma, disrupting White Supremacy…”
BackgroundInfluentialTwenty-first century discourses of American lynching
Ore, E. J. (2022) · Critical Discourse Studies · doi:10.1080/17405904.2022.2090978 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Younger, T. N. (2024) · Genealogy · doi:10.3390/genealogy8020052 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Sandy still speaks: the digital afterlives of Sandra Bland
Shaw, J. B. (2018) · Prose Studies · doi:10.1080/01440357.2019.1656396 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Spencer-Harris, Z. (2026) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-032-02242-4_29 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Self, R. (2026) · Critical Studies in Media Communication · doi:10.1080/15295036.2026.2679749
- Authors
- Spencer, Z., & Perlow, O. N.
- Venue
- Meridians
- Publisher
- Duke University Press
- Published
- 2018-09-01
- Volume
- 17
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 163-183
- ISSN
- 1536-6936 (ISSN-L)
- 1547-8424
- OpenAlex
- W2895142781
- Cited by
- 6
- References
- 64
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2024: 1 · 2022: 1 · 2021: 1 · 2018: 1
- FWCI
- 1.14
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Meridians (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Race, History, and American Society
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Theological Perspectives and Practices
- Social Sciences › Gender Studies › Feminist Theory and Gender Studies
- Keywords
- Black women, lynching, white supremacy, state violence, policing, patriarchy, #SayHerName
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review