Formation of the head organizer in hydra involves the canonical Wnt pathway.
Abstract
Stabilization of beta-catenin by inhibiting the activity of glycogen synthase kinase-3beta has been shown to initiate axis formation or axial patterning processes in many bilaterians. In hydra, the head organizer is located in the hypostome, the apical portion of the head. Treatment of hydra with alsterpaullone, a specific inhibitor of glycogen synthase kinase-3beta, results in the body column acquiring characteristics of the head organizer, as measured by transplantation experiments, and by the expression of genes associated with the head organizer. Hence, the role of the canonical Wnt pathway for the initiation of axis formation was established early in metazoan evolution.
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The zone of intersecting Wnt and TGF-β expression may be providing positional information in a manner similar to that observed during the formation of limbs in Drosophila and the head organizer in cnidarians.
“and may be providing positional information [47] in manner similar to that observed during the formation of limbs in Drosophila [34] and the head organizer in cnidarians [48].”
From Wnt and TGF-β Expression in the Sponge Amphimedon queenslandica and the Origin of Metazoan Embryonic Patterning (2007) · cites this paper as [48]
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References 70 · Cited by 287
- Authors
- Broun, M., Gee, L., Reinhardt, B., & Bode, H. R.
- Affiliations
- University of California, Irvine (US)
- Venue
- Development
- Publisher
- The Company of Biologists
- Published
- 2005-06-15
- Volume
- 132
- Issue
- 12
- Pages
- 2907-2916
- ISSN
- 0950-1991 (ISSN-L)
- 1477-9129
- OpenAlex
- W2087526418
- Cited by
- 287
- References
- 70
- Citations by year
- 2026: 8 · 2025: 13 · 2024: 16 · 2023: 10 · 2022: 14 · 2021: 20 · 2020: 18 · 2019: 18 · 2018: 4 · 2017: 8 · 2016: 14 · 2015: 11 · 2014: 10 · 2013: 18 · 2012: 19
- FWCI
- 4.64
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Development (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- HighWire Press Open Archive (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Developmental Biology and Gene Regulation
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Wnt/β-catenin signaling in development and cancer
- Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Paleontology › Marine Invertebrate Physiology and Ecology
- Keywords
- head organizer, Hydra, Wnt/β-catenin signaling, glycogen synthase kinase-3β, β-catenin stabilization, axis formation, axial patterning, hypostome, animal evolution
- MeSH terms
- Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3 beta, Animals, Benzazepines, Cell Cycle, Cell Membrane, Cell Nucleus, Cytoskeletal Proteins, Head, Hydra, Indoles, Signal Transduction, Trans-Activators, Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins, Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3, Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins, Wnt Proteins, beta Catenin
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