Mouse models of telomere dysfunction phenocopy skeletal changes found in human age-related osteoporosis
Open accessAbstract
A major challenge in the elderly is osteoporosis and the high risk of fracture. Telomere dysfunction is a cause of cellular senescence and telomere shortening which occurs with age in cells from most human tissues, including bone. Telomere defects contribute to the pathogenesis of two progeroid disorders characterized by premature osteoporosis, Werner syndrome and dyskeratosis congenital. It is hypothesized that telomere shortening contributes to bone aging. Using mice with disrupted telomere maintenance mechanisms, including mutants in Werner helicase (Wrn-/-), telomerase (Terc-/-) and Wrn-/- Terc-/- double mutants, we evaluated their skeletal phenotypes as models for human bone aging. Compared to young wild-type (WT) mice, micro-computerized tomography analysis revealed that young Terc-/- and Wrn-/-Terc-/- mice have decreased trabecular bone volume, trabecular number and trabecular thickness, as well as increased trabecular spacing. In cortical bone, young Terc-/- and Wrn-/-Terc-/- mice have increased cortical thinning, and increased porosity relative to age-matched WT mice. These trabecular and cortical changes were accelerated with age in Terc-/- and Wrn-/-Terc-/- mice compared to older WT mice. Histological quantification of osteoblasts in aged mice showed a similar number of osteoblasts in all genotypes; however, significant decreases in osteoid, mineralization surface, mineral apposition rate and bone formation rate in older Terc-/- and Wrn-/-Terc-/- bone suggest that osteoblast dysfunction is a prominent feature of precocious aging in these mice. Except in the Wrn-/- single mutant, osteoclast number did not increase in any genotype. Significant alterations in mechanical parameters (structure model index, degree of anistrophy, and moment of inertia) of the Terc-/- and Wrn-/-Terc-/- femurs compared to WT mice were also observed. Young Wrn-/-Terc-/- mice had a statistically significant increase in bone marrow fat content compared to young WT mice, which remained elevated in aged double mutants. Taken together, our results suggest that Terc-/- and Wrn-/-Terc-/- mutants recapitulate the human bone aging phenotype and are useful models for studying age-related osteoporosis.
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TAFs are associated with impaired osteoblast differentiation.
“with TAFs being associated with impaired osteoblast differentiation132,133”
From Telomere dysfunction in ageing and age-related diseases (2022) · cites this paper as [133]
The Introduction links telomere dysfunction in the mouse models to declines in osteoblast differentiation, and the Discussion reports dysfunctional osteoblast differentiation in those models. Neither passage identifies or measures telomere-associated foci (TAFs), so the specific association with TAFs is not established by this paper. (LLM, conf=0.82)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredLate-generation telomerase-deficient mice recapitulate features of osteoporosis including decreased bone volume, diminished osteoblast number and function, and increased porosity.
“late-generation telomerase-deficient mice recapitulate several features of osteoporosis, such as decreased bone volume, diminished osteoblast number and function, and increased porosity”
From Telomere dysfunction in ageing and age-related diseases (2022) · cites this paper as [133]
The Animals section identifies the Terc−/− mice as fourth-generation (G4). The Results and Discussion report decreased bone volume, increased cortical porosity, and impaired osteoblast function. But the Results say osteoblast number decreased with age across all genotypes, and the Discussion says numbers in aged mice were comparable across genotypes; the claimed decrease in osteoblast number relative to controls is not supported. (LLM, conf=0.92)
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- Authors
- Brennan, T. A., Egan, K. P., Lindborg, C. M., Chen, Q., Sweetwyne, M. T., Hankenson, K. D., Xie, S. X., Johnson, F. B., & Pignolo, R. J.
- Affiliations
- University of Pennsylvania (US)
- Corresponding author
- Pignolo, Robert J.
- ORCID
- Venue
- Disease Models & Mechanisms
- Publisher
- The Company of Biologists
- Published
- 2014-01-01
- Volume
- 7
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 583-92
- ISSN
- 1754-8403 (ISSN-L)
- 1754-8411
- PMC
- PMC4007409
- OpenAlex
- W2119337287
- Cited by
- 45
- References
- 70
- Citations by year
- 2025: 4 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 7 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 4 · 2020: 2 · 2019: 4 · 2018: 4 · 2017: 1 · 2016: 6 · 2015: 2 · 2014: 1
- FWCI
- 2.22
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Locations
- Disease Models & Mechanisms (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, other-oa)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- HighWire Press Open Archive (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- University of Pennsylvania
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania
- National Institute on Aging (R01AG028873)
- National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (P30AR050950)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Telomeres, Telomerase, and Senescence
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Bone Metabolism and Diseases
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Orthopedics and Sports Medicine › Bone health and osteoporosis research
- Keywords
- telomere dysfunction, senile osteoporosis, bone aging, Werner syndrome, dyskeratosis congenita, telomerase, cellular senescence, trabecular bone microarchitecture, cortical bone thinning, osteoblast dysfunction, bone formation rate, bone marrow fat, bone mechanical properties, progeroid disorder, mouse model
- MeSH terms
- Werner Syndrome Helicase, Animals, Bone and Bones, Bone Marrow, Bone Resorption, Cell Count, Disease Models, Animal, Humans, Kinetics, Mutation, Osteoblasts, Osteoclasts, Osteogenesis, Osteoporosis, Phenotype, Telomere, Telomerase, Adiposity, Mice, RecQ Helicases
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