The conserved ciliary protein Bug22 controls planar beating of Chlamydomonas flagella
Abstract
Eukaryotic flagella and cilia can exhibit planar and non-planar beating, and the mechanism controlling these beating patterns is not well understood. Chlamydomonas reinhardtii flagella beat in approximately the same plane with either an asymmetric ciliary-type or symmetric flagellar-type waveform. Each B-tubule of the number 1, 5 and 6 doublets of the flagellar axoneme possesses a beak-like structure. The number 5 and 6 beak structures are implicated in conversion of ciliary motion into flagellar motion. Here, we show that in a null mutant of Bug22, the asymmetric ciliary waveform is converted into a three-dimensional (non-planar) symmetric flagellar waveform. Bug22 is localized to approximately the proximal half to two-thirds of the flagellum, similar to localization of beak-like structures. However, as shown by immunogold labeling, Bug22 associates with axonemal microtubules without apparent preference for any particular doublets. Interestingly, bug22 mutants lack all beak-like structures. We propose that one function of Bug22 is to regulate the anchoring of the beak-like structures to the doublet microtubules and confine flagellar beating to a plane.
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CFAP20 orthologues are required for motile cilia functions in Paramecium, Chlamydomonas, and Drosophila sperm.
“CFAP20 orthologues have remarkable sequence conservation throughout eukaryotes and are required for motile cilia functions in Paramecium, the single-celled algae Chlamydomonas, and Drosophila sperm15,17,23”
From The inner junction protein CFAP20 functions in motile and non-motile cilia and is critical for vision (2022) · cites this paper as [17]
CFAP20 regulates ciliary movement (waveform) in Paramecium and Chlamydomonas.
“CFAP20 is a ciliopathy candidate known to modulate motile cilia in unicellular eukaryotes.”
From The inner junction protein CFAP20 functions in motile and non-motile cilia and is critical for vision (2022) · cites this paper as [17]
CFAP20 might be generally required for regulating motile cilia function in diverse animals.
“Combined with sperm motility defects in Drosophila cfap20 mutants23, our findings suggest that CFAP20 might be generally required for regulating motile cilia function in diverse animals—as it does in the unicellular organisms Paramecium and Chlamydomonas15–18.”
From The inner junction protein CFAP20 functions in motile and non-motile cilia and is critical for vision (2022) · cites this paper as [17]
A rare form of recessive inherited retinal dystrophy is attributed to variants in CFAP20.
“Here, we attribute a rare form of recessive inherited retinal dystrophy (IRD; a classic non-motile ciliopathy10,65,66) to variants in CFAP20, which encodes a remarkably conserved protein with well-established roles in motile cilia from diverse organisms15–18.”
From The inner junction protein CFAP20 functions in motile and non-motile cilia and is critical for vision (2022) · cites this paper as [17]
In Chlamydomonas, loss of either CFAP20 or PACRG results in a similar dysregulation of ciliary motility.
“In Chlamydomonas, loss of either protein (CFAP20/PACRG) results in a similar dysregulation of ciliary motility16,17,75.”
From The inner junction protein CFAP20 functions in motile and non-motile cilia and is critical for vision (2022) · cites this paper as [17]
Cites
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Structure of the Decorated Ciliary Doublet Microtubule
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Self-citationPropulsive nanomachines: the convergent evolution of archaella, flagella and cilia
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Self-citationDevelopment of a high-productivity, halophilic, thermotolerant microalga Picochlorum renovo
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González-del Pozo, M., Fernández-Suárez, E., Bravo-Gil, N., Méndez-Vidal, C., Martín-Sánchez, M., Rodríguez-de la Rúa, E., Ramos-Jiménez, M., Morillo-Sánchez, M. J., Borrego, S., & Antiñolo, G. (2022) · npj Genomic Medicine · doi:10.1038/s41525-022-00286-0 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
- Authors
- Meng, D., Cao, M., Oda, T., Kikkawa, M., & Pan, J.
- Affiliations
- Tsinghua University (CN)
- The University of Tokyo (JP)
- Corresponding author
- Pan, Junmin
- Venue
- Journal of Cell Science
- Publisher
- The Company of Biologists
- Published
- 2013-01-01
- Volume
- 127
- Issue
- Pt 2
- Pages
- 281-7
- ISSN
- 0021-9533 (ISSN-L)
- 1477-9137
- OpenAlex
- W2108007149
- Cited by
- 33
- References
- 1
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 1 · 2023: 1 · 2022: 6 · 2021: 1 · 2020: 4 · 2019: 5 · 2018: 3 · 2017: 3 · 2016: 2 · 2015: 2 · 2014: 1
- FWCI
- 1.10
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Cell Science (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- HighWire Press Open Archive (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Genetic and Kidney Cyst Diseases
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine › Cystic Fibrosis Research Advances
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cell Biology › Microtubule and mitosis dynamics
- Keywords
- Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, flagellar beating, ciliary beating, axoneme, doublet microtubules, flagellar waveform, protein localization, mutant analysis
- MeSH terms
- Cell Movement, Cilia, Flagella, Microtubules, Mutation, Plant Proteins, Protein Binding, Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, Conserved Sequence, Axoneme
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