Cited by 105Cardiovascular and exercise physiologyMuscle metabolism and nutritionAdipose Tissue and Metabolism

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Effects of Acute and Chronic Exercise on Fat Metabolism

MARTIN, WADE H.·1996·Exercise and Sport Sciences Reviews

DOI 10.1249/00003677-199600240-00009

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Abstract

Fatty acids are an important source of energy for skeletal muscle contraction, particularly during exercise of mild-moderate intensity, prolonged duration, and in the fasting state. Plasma FFA transported from remote adipose tissue stores and triglycerides contained within skeletal muscle fibers are the major sources of these fatty acids. The relative contribution of each source is dependent on the mode, intensity, and duration of exercise and on training status. Plasma FFA oxidation is directly related to the rate of lipolysis in adiopose tissue. The most potent stimulants of the latter are the catecholamines, but a lower plasma insulin concentration during exercise also plays a contributory role. In contrast, intramuscular triglyceride hydrolysis appears to be mediated entirely by beta 2-adrenergic stimulation. Endurance training substantially enhances fatty acid oxidative capacity in skeletal muscle and increases the proportion of energy derived from fatty acid oxidation during exercise. In addition, the sympathoadrenal response to exercise is markedly blunted in the trained state. Studies conducted in our laboratory indicate that plasma FFA and glycerol concentrations and whole body FFA uptake and oxidation are all decreased during moderate-intensity exercise at the same absolute work rate after physical conditioning, probably because of the reduction of sympathoadrenal activity. However, the lipolytic response to catecholamines also is enhanced in trained subjects. Perha…

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Authors: MARTIN, W. H.
Affiliations: United States Department of Veterans Affairs (US)
Corresponding author: MARTIN, WADE H.
ORCID: MARTIN, WADE H.
Venue: Exercise and Sport Sciences Reviews
Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
Published: 1996
Volume: 24
Pages: 203???232
ISSN: 0091-6331 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1249/00003677-199600240-00009
OpenAlex: W2044684580
Cited by: 105
References: 0
Citations by year: 2025: 2 · 2024: 3 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 3 · 2020: 4 · 2019: 2 · 2018: 2 · 2017: 2 · 2016: 4 · 2015: 6 · 2014: 3 · 2013: 4 · 2012: 3
FWCI: 9.44
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Locations: Exercise and Sport Sciences Reviews (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders: National Institutes of Health (5p41rr000954-34, 5r01hl041290-05)
National Institute on Aging (AG 00078)
National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (HL-41290)
National Center for Research Resources (RR 00954)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology (medical) › Cardiovascular and exercise physiology
Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Muscle metabolism and nutrition
Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology (medical) › Adipose Tissue and Metabolism
Keywords: fat metabolism, fatty acid oxidation, endurance training, acute exercise, exercise training, lipolysis, plasma free fatty acids, intramuscular triglycerides, skeletal muscle, sympathoadrenal response, catecholamines, insulin, energy substrate utilization
MeSH terms: Adaptation, Physiological, Exercise Test, Fatty Acids, Humans, Lipolysis, Muscle Contraction, Nutritional Status, Oxygen Consumption, Physical Endurance, Triglycerides, Exercise, Muscle, Skeletal

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