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Electromyographic changes during strength training and detraining
Abstract
Fourteen male subjects (20-30 yr) accustomed to weight training went through progressive strength training of combined concentric and eccentric contractions three times per week for 16 wk. The training was followed by the 8-wk detraining period. The training program consisted mainly of dynamic exercises for leg extensors with the loads of 80-120% of one maximum concentric repetition. Significant improvements in muscle function were observed in early conditioning; however, the increase in maximal force during the very late training period was greatly limited. Marked improvements (P less than 0.001) in muscle strength were accompanied by significant (P less than 0.01) increases in the neural activation (IEMG) of the leg extensor muscles. The relationship between IEMG and high absolute forces changed (P less than 0.01) during the training period. The occurrence of these changes varied during the course of training. It was concluded that the early change in strength may be accounted for largely by neural factors with a gradually increasing contribution of hypertrophic factors as the training proceeds. It was suggested that the magnitudes and occurrence of these changes may vary due to the differences in conditioning periods, in individual muscles of muscle groups, in subject material, and in conditioning methods. During detraining, the decrease in muscle force seemed to be explainable also by the neural and muscular adaptations caused by the inactivity.
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“A number of studies have reported increases in neural activation as reflected by increased EMG activity with conventional heavy resistance and explosive jump training (Hakkinen and Komi, 1983;Hakkinen and Komi, 1985;Hakkinen et al., 1985a;1985b;Hakkinen and Komi, 1986).”
From Velocity Specificity of Resistance Training (1993) · cites this paper as Hakkinen and Komi, 1983
In the citing paper
“Generally, strength gain in 4 or 6 weeks of resistance training have been explained by neural adaptation (35,36).”
From Modulation of Neural and Muscular Adaptation Processes During Resistance Training by Fish Protein Ingestions in Older Adults (2020) · cites this paper as [35]
In the citing paper
“Moreover, the different time-course adaptations between men and women may also account for differential maximal strength gains over prolonged resistance training periods (63,64).”
From Resistance training load effects on muscle hypertrophy and strength gain: systematic review and network meta-analysis. (2021) · cites this paper as [64]
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Progression Models in Resistance Training for Healthy Adults
(2009) · Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise · doi:10.1249/mss.0b013e3181915670 · Cited by 4,332
“Altering the training load affects the acute metabolic (40), hormonal (42,146,150,152,171,211), neural (96,102,104,143,217), and cardiovascular (67,242) responses to resistance exercise.”
BackgroundSpinal and Supraspinal Factors in Human Muscle Fatigue
Gandevia, S. C. (2001) · Physiological Reviews · doi:10.1152/physrev.2001.81.4.1725 · Cited by 3,855
Aagaard, P., Simonsen, E. B., Andersen, J. L., Magnusson, P., & Dyhre-Poulsen, P. (2002) · Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.00283.2002 · Cited by 1,844
“Increases in efferent motoneuron output ('efferent neural drive'), as evidenced by changes in electromyography (EMG) signal amplitude, have been reported following heavy-resistance strength training (5, 24-29, 30, 35).”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialFolland, J. P., & Williams, A. G. (2007) · Sports Medicine · doi:10.2165/00007256-200737020-00004 · Cited by 1,347
Developing Maximal Neuromuscular Power
Cormie, P., McGuigan, M. R., & Newton, R. U. (2011) · Sports Medicine · doi:10.2165/11538500-000000000-00000 · Cited by 925
“Additionally, neural drive([21,29,40,62-68]) as well as inter- and possibly even intra-muscular coordination([66,68-73]) would be far superior after the 3 years of training.”
Background
Metadata
- Authors
- HAKKINEN, K., & KOMI, P. V.
- Affiliations
- University of Jyväskylä (FI)
- Venue
- Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise
- Published
- 1983
- Volume
- 15
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 455???460
- ISSN
- 0195-9131 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2068786163
- Cited by
- 394
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 7 · 2022: 7 · 2021: 9 · 2020: 16 · 2019: 14 · 2018: 11 · 2017: 13 · 2016: 9 · 2015: 15 · 2014: 25 · 2013: 16 · 2012: 7
- FWCI
- 9.07
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Orthopedics and Sports Medicine › Sports Performance and Training
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Biomedical Engineering › Muscle activation and electromyography studies
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology (medical) › Cardiovascular and exercise physiology
- Keywords
- resistance training, detraining, electromyography, integrated EMG, neuronal activation, muscle strength, leg extensors, eccentric contraction, muscle hypertrophy, muscle force, weight training
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Electromyography, Electrophysiology, Humans, Isometric Contraction, Male, Muscles, Neuromuscular Junction, Physical Education and Training
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