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Physical Activity and Skills Intervention: SCORES Cluster Randomized Controlled Trial
Open accessAbstract
PURPOSE: Physical activity (PA) declines dramatically during adolescence, and activity levels are consistently lower among children living in low-income communities. Competency in a range of fundamental movement skills (FMS) may serve as a protective factor against the decline in PA typically observed during adolescence. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of a 12-month multicomponent PA and FMS intervention on children attending primary schools in low-income communities. METHODS: The Supporting Children's Outcomes using Rewards, Exercise, and Skills intervention was evaluated using a cluster randomized controlled trial. The sample included 25 classes from eight primary schools located in low-income communities. Participants were 460 children (54.1% girls) age 8.5 ± 0.6 yr. Primary outcomes were objectively measured PA (ActiGraph GT3X and GT3X+ accelerometers), FMS competency (Test of Gross Motor Development 2, six locomotor and six object control skills), and cardiorespiratory fitness (20-m multistage fitness test) assessed at baseline, midprogram (6-months), and at posttest (12 months). Linear mixed models, adjusted for sex, age, body mass index z-score, socioeconomic status, ethnicity, and school class as a random factor, were used to assess the effect of the intervention. RESULTS: At midprogram, there were no significant intervention effects for any of the outcomes. At posttest (study's primary time point), there were intervention effects for daily moderate-to-vigorous PA (MVPA) (adjusted mean difference, 12.7 min·d of MVPA; 95% confidence interval (CI), 5.0-20.5), overall FMS competency (4.9 units; 95% CI, -0.04 to 9.8), and cardiorespiratory fitness (5.4 laps; 95% CI, 2.3-8.6). CONCLUSIONS: A school-based multicomponent PA and FMS intervention maintained daily MVPA, improved overall FMS competency, and increased cardiorespiratory fitness among children attending primary schools in low-income communities.
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“The SAAFE principles were originally designed to promote a psychologically supportive environment, foster a mastery climate and enhance young people’s autonomous motivation in the Supporting Children’s Outcomes using Rewards, Exercise and Skills (SCORES) primary school physical activity intervention [51, 52].”
From Framework for the design and delivery of organized physical activity sessions for children and adolescents: rationale and description of the ‘SAAFE’ teaching principles (2017) · cites this paper as [51]
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“Our efficacy study showed the SCORES intervention had positive effects on students’ physical activity levels, cardiorespiratory fitness and fundamental movement skills [51].”
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Metadata
- Authors
- COHEN, K. E., MORGAN, P. J., PLOTNIKOFF, R. C., CALLISTER, R., & LUBANS, D. R.
- Affiliations
- University of Newcastle Australia (AU)
- Venue
- Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise
- Published
- 2015-04
- Volume
- 47
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 765-774
- ISSN
- 0195-9131 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2019981203
- Cited by
- 150
- References
- 34
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 9 · 2024: 16 · 2023: 14 · 2022: 10 · 2021: 21 · 2020: 13 · 2019: 17 · 2018: 11 · 2017: 16 · 2016: 14 · 2015: 5
- FWCI
- 28.92
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- hdl.handle.net
- Locations
- Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- NOVA (University of Newcastle Australia) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Hunter Medical Research Institute
- Medical Research Council
- National Health and Medical Research Council
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Children's Physical and Motor Development
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Physical Activity and Health
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Obesity, Physical Activity, Diet
- Keywords
- physical activity, basic motor skills, multicomponent intervention, low-income communities, elementary school students, moderate-to-vigorous physical activity, cardiorespiratory fitness, school-based intervention, childhood obesity prevention, locomotor skills, object control skills
- MeSH terms
- Cardiovascular Physiological Phenomena, Child, Health Promotion, Humans, Motor Activity, Physical Fitness, Poverty, Respiratory Physiological Phenomena, Reward, Schools, Exercise, Accelerometry
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