Twenty-four Weeks of β-Alanine Supplementation on Carnosine Content, Related Genes, and Exercise
Open accessAbstract
Introduction Skeletal muscle carnosine content can be increased through β-alanine (BA) supplementation, but the maximum increase achievable with supplementation is unknown. No study has investigated the effects of prolonged supplementation on carnosine-related genes or exercise capacity. Purpose This study aimed to investigate the effects of 24 wk of BA supplementation on muscle carnosine content, gene expression, and high-intensity cycling capacity (CCT110%). Methods Twenty-five active males were supplemented with 6.4 g·d of sustained release BA or placebo for a 24 wk period. Every 4 wk participants provided a muscle biopsy and performed the CCT110%. Biopsies were analyzed for muscle carnosine content and gene expression (CARNS, TauT, ABAT, CNDP2, PHT1, PEPT2, and PAT1). Results Carnosine content was increased from baseline at every time point in BA (all P 0.05). Maximal increases were +25.66 ± 7.63 mmol·kg dm (range = +17.13 to +41.32 mmol·kg dm), and absolute maximal content was 48.03 ± 8.97 mmol·kg dm (range = 31.79 to 63.92 mmol·kg dm). There was an effect of supplement (P = 0.002) on TauT; no further differences in gene expression were shown. Exercise capacity was improved in BA (P = 0.05) with possible to almost certain improvements across all weeks. Conclusions Twenty-four weeks of BA supplementation increased muscle carnosine content and improved high-intensity cycling capacity. The downregulation of TauT suggests it plays an important role in muscle carnosine accumu…
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During high-intensity exercise, such as a soccer game, blood lactate concentration increases as a product of the glycolytic pathway used to provide energy and maintain exercise intensity.
“During the high-intensity exercise, a soccer game for example, there is an increase in blood lactate concentration, a product of the glycolytic pathway used to provide energy and maintain the intensity of the exercise [21, 22]”
From Dietary and Ergogenic Supplementation to Improve Elite Soccer Players’ Performance (2021) · cites this paper as [21]
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Swinton, P. A., Hemingway, B. S., Saunders, B., Gualano, B., & Dolan, E. (2018) · Frontiers in Nutrition · doi:10.3389/fnut.2018.00041 · Cited by 228 · see citing works
Self-citationComparison of Two β-Alanine Dosing Protocols on Muscle Carnosine Elevations
Church, D. D., Hoffman, J. R., Varanoske, A. N., Wang, R., Baker, K. M., La Monica, M. B., Beyer, K. S., Dodd, S. J., Oliveira, L. P., Harris, R. C., et al. (2017) · Journal of the American College of Nutrition · doi:10.1080/07315724.2017.1335250 · Cited by 48 · see citing works
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Self-citationDietary and Ergogenic Supplementation to Improve Elite Soccer Players’ Performance
Fernandes, H. (2021) · Annals of Nutrition and Metabolism · doi:10.1159/000516397 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
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- Authors
- SAUNDERS, B., DE SALLES PAINELLI, V., DE OLIVEIRA, L. F., DA EIRA SILVA, V., DA SILVA, R. P., RIANI, L., FRANCHI, M., GONÇALVES, L. D. S., HARRIS, R. C., ROSCHEL, H., ARTIOLI, G. G., SALE, C., & GUALANO, B.
- Affiliations
- Universidade de São Paulo (BR)
- ORCID
- Venue
- Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise
- Published
- 2017-05
- Volume
- 49
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 896-906
- ISSN
- 0195-9131 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2559869198
- Cited by
- 84
- References
- 4
- Citations by year
- 2026: 6 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 8 · 2023: 9 · 2022: 6 · 2021: 16 · 2020: 4 · 2019: 8 · 2018: 19 · 2017: 3
- FWCI
- 8.04
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- cc-by-nc-nd
- Locations
- Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Nottingham Trent University's Institutional Repository (Nottingham Trent Repository) (acceptedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Biochemical effects in animals
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cell Biology › Muscle metabolism and nutrition
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Complementary and alternative medicine › Cardiovascular and exercise physiology
- Keywords
- beta-alanine supplementation, carnosine, skeletal muscle, exercise capacity, long-term supplementation, gene expression, endurance athletes, muscle biopsy, creatine kinase, creatine
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Biopsy, Carnosine, Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid, Humans, Male, beta-Alanine, Exercise, Down-Regulation, Gene Expression, Muscle, Skeletal, Dietary Supplements, Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction
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