The DOI matches its Crossref record; 52 of the 52 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Large Scale Cohort Study of the Relationship Between Serum Cholesterol Concentration and Coronary Events With Low-Dose Simvastatin Therapy in Japanese Patients With Hypercholesterolemia: Primary Prevention Cohort Study of the Japan Lipid Intervention Trial (J-LIT)
Open accessAbstract
Hyperlipidemia is a well-established risk factor for primary coronary heart disease (CHD). Although simvastatin is known to lower serum lipid concentrations, the protective effect of such lipid-lowering therapy against primary CHD has not been established in Japanese patients with hypercholesterolemia. The Japan Lipid Intervention Trial was a 6-year, nationwide cohort study of 47,294 patients treated with open-labeled simvastatin (5-10 mg/day) and monitored by physicians under standard clinical conditions. The aim of the study was to determine the relationship between the occurrence of CHD and the serum lipid concentrations during low-dose simvastatin treatment. Simvastatin reduced serum concentrations of total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein- cholesterol (LDL-C) and triglyceride (TG), by 18.4%, 26.8% and 16.1% on average, respectively, during the treatment period. The risk of coronary events was higher when the average TC concentration was > or =240 mg/dl and the average LDL-C concentration was > or =160 mg/dl. The incidence of coronary events increased in the patients with TG concentration > or =300 mg/dl compared with patients with TG concentration <150 mg/dl. The high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) inversely correlated with the risk of coronary events. The J-curve association was observed between average TC or LDL-C concentrations and total mortality. Malignancy was the most prevalent cause of death. The health of patients should be monitored closely when there is a remarkable decrease in TC and LDL-C concentrations with low-dose statin. A reasonable strategy to prevent coronary events in Japanese hypercholesterolemic patients without prior CHD under low-dose statin treatment might be regulating the serum lipid concentrations to at least <240 mg/dl for TC, <160 mg/dl for LDL-C, <300 mg/dl for TG, and >40 mg/dl for HDL-C.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“A 9.6-year observational period in NIPPON DATA90 showed that HDL-C was significantly inversely correlated with all deaths as well as stroke-related deaths80).”
From Japan Atherosclerosis Society (JAS) guidelines for prevention of atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases 2017 (2018) · cites this paper as [80]
In the citing paper
“Women generally have a higher HDL-C level than men46, 80, 85).”
From Japan Atherosclerosis Society (JAS) guidelines for prevention of atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases 2017 (2018) · cites this paper as [80]
In the citing paper
“It is evident in epidemiological studies and intervention trials conducted in the Western countries that the incidence rate of cardiovascular events is higher in patients with CAD than in primary prevention patients177–179).”
From Japan Atherosclerosis Society (JAS) guidelines for prevention of atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases 2017 (2018) · cites this paper as [179]
In the citing paper
“Meta-analyses conducted by the Cholesterol Treatment Trialists' Collaboration on large-scale clinical trials using statins confirmed that a decrease in the incidence of cardiovascular events was proportionate to the decrease in LDL-C level, regardless of pretreatment LDL-C level and individual absolute risk177–179, 348).”
From Japan Atherosclerosis Society (JAS) guidelines for prevention of atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases 2017 (2018) · cites this paper as [179]
In the citing paper
“However, in managing dyslipidemia expressed by hypertriglyceridemia, the non-HDL-C level is more useful than the LDL-C level. This has been reported in a number of studies177–179, 623, 624, 626, 627, 647).”
From Japan Atherosclerosis Society (JAS) guidelines for prevention of atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases 2017 (2018) · cites this paper as [179]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Regression Models and Life-Tables
Cox, D. R. (1972) · Journal of the Royal Statistical Society Series B: Statistical Methodology · doi:10.1111/j.2517-6161.1972.tb00899.x · Cited by 39,793
Friedewald, W. T., Levy, R. I., & Fredrickson, D. S. (1972) · Clinical Chemistry · doi:10.1093/clinchem/18.6.499 · Cited by 32,423
OLSSON, A. G., McMurray, J. J. V., Thorgeirsson, G., Spaulding, C. M., Slattery, J., Pyörälà, K., Færgeman, O., Wright, R. S., Berg, K. M., Wilhelmsen, L., et al. (1994) · The Lancet · Cited by 8,467
Prevention of Coronary Heart Disease with Pravastatin in Men with Hypercholesterolemia
Shepherd, J., Cobbe, S. M., Ford, I., Isles, C. G., Lorimer, A. R., Macfarlane, P. W., McKillop, J. H., & Packard, C. J. (1995) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm199511163332001 · Cited by 7,449
Sacks, F. M., Pfeffer, M. A., Moye, L. A., Rouleau, J. L., Rutherford, J. D., Cole, T. G., Brown, L., Warnica, J. W., Arnold, J. M. O., Wun, C.-C., et al. (1996) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm199610033351401 · Cited by 7,439
(1998) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm199811053391902 · Cited by 5,261
Self-citationDowns, J. R., Clearfield, M., Weis, S., Whitney, E., Shapiro, D. R., Beere, P. A., Langendorfer, A., Stein, E. A., Kruyer, W., Gotto, Jr., et al. (1998) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.279.20.1615 · Cited by 5,236
Helsinki Heart Study: Primary-Prevention Trial with Gemfibrozil in Middle-Aged Men with Dyslipidemia
Frick, M. H., Elo, O., Haapa, K., Heinonen, O. P., Heinsalmi, P., Helo, P., Huttunen, J. K., Kaitaniemi, P., Koskinen, P., Manninen, V., et al. (1987) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm198711123172001 · Cited by 3,881
(1997) · Archives of Internal Medicine · doi:10.1001/archinte.1997.00440420033005 · Cited by 3,777
PREVENTION OF CORONARY HEART DISEASE WITH PRAVASTATIN IN MEN WITH HYPERCHOLESTEROLEMIA
Hepherd, J. A. S., Obbe, S. T. M. C., Ord, I. A. F., Sles, C. H. G. I., Orimer, A. R. O. L., Acfarlane, P. E. W. M., Illop, J. A. H. M. C. K., Ackard, C. H. J. P., & Roup, S. T. G. (1995) · Cited by 3,453
Incidence of Coronary Heart Disease and Lipoprotein Cholesterol Levels
Castelli, W. P. (1986) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.256.20.2835 · Cited by 2,512
Alberts, A. W., Chen, J., Kuron, G. W., Hunt, V. M., Huff, J. W., Hoffman, C., Rothrock, J. W., López, M., Joshua, H., Harris, E., et al. (1980) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.77.7.3957 · Cited by 1,630
Tunstall-Pedoe, H., Kuulasmaa, K., Mähönen, M., Tolonen, H., & Ruokokoski, E. (1999) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(99)04021-0 · Cited by 1,444
Prospective study of alcohol consumption and risk of coronary disease in men.
Rimm, E. B., Giovannucci, E. L., Willett, W. C., Colditz, G. A., Ascherio, A., Rosner, B., & Stampfer, M. J. (1991) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/0140-6736(91)90542-w · Cited by 1,239
Reducing the Health Consequences of Smoking: 25 Years of Progress. A Report of the Surgeon General.
Heidel, R. E. (1989) · Population and Development Review · doi:10.2307/1973420 · Cited by 1,186
Oliver, M., Heady, J., Morris, J. N., Cooper, J., Geizerova, H., Gyárfás, I., Green, K., Strasser, T., Macfie, W. G., Scott, E., et al. (1978) · Heart · doi:10.1136/hrt.40.10.1069 · Cited by 1,047
Simvastatin, an HMG–Coenzyme A Reductase Inhibitor, Improves Endothelial Function Within 1 Month
O’Driscoll, G., Green, D., & Taylor, R. R. (1997) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/01.cir.95.5.1126 · Cited by 947
Stampfer, M. J., Colditz, G. A., Willett, W. C., Speizer, F. E., & Hennekens, C. H. (1988) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm198808043190503 · Cited by 892
Królewski, A. S., Kosinski, E. J., Warram, J. H., Leland, O. S., Busick, E. J., Asmal, A. C., Rand, L. I., Christlieb, A. R., Bradley, R. F., & Kahn, C. R. (1987) · The American Journal of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/0002-9149(87)91086-1 · Cited by 654
Relative and Absolute Excess Risks of Coronary Heart Disease among Women Who Smoke Cigarettes
Willett, W. C., Green, A. C., Stampfer, M. J., Speizer, F. E., Colditz, G. A., ROSNER, B. A., Monson, R. R., Stason, W. B., & Hennekens, C. H. (1987) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm198711193172102 · Cited by 608
Proteinuria: value as predictor of cardiovascular mortality in insulin dependent diabetes mellitus.
Borch‐Johnsen, K., & Kreiner, S. (1987) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.294.6588.1651 · Cited by 555
The seven countries study: 2,289 deaths in 15 years
Keys, A. B., Menotti, A., Aravanis, C., BLACKBURN, H. W., Djordevič, B. S., Buzina, R., Dontas, A. S., Fidanza, F., Karvonen, M. J., Kimura, N., et al. (1984) · Preventive Medicine · doi:10.1016/0091-7435(84)90047-1 · Cited by 551
Kannel, W. B., Neaton, J. D., Wentworth, D. N., Thomas, H. E., Stamler, J., Hulley, S. B., & Kjelsberg, M. O. (1986) · American Heart Journal · doi:10.1016/0002-8703(86)90481-3 · Cited by 502
Jarrett, R. J., McCartney, P., & KEEN, H. (1982) · Diabetologia · doi:10.1007/bf00254833 · Cited by 436
Smoking and Mortality among Older Men and Women in Three Communities
LaCroix, A. Z., Lang, J. M., Scherr, P. A., Wallace, R. B., Cornoni‐Huntley, J. C., Berkman, L. F., Curb, J. D., Evans, D. A., & Hennekens, C. H. (1991) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm199106063242303 · Cited by 396
Boden, W. E. (2000) · The American Journal of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/s0002-9149(00)01464-8 · Cited by 391
PLASMA TRIGLYCERIDE AS A RISK FACTOR FOR CORONARY HEART DISEASE
Austin, M. A. (1989) · American Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a115130 · Cited by 351
Serum Triglycerides and Risk of Coronary Heart Disease among Japanese Men and Women
Iso, H., Naito, Y., Sato, S., Kitamura, A., Okamura, T., Sankai, T., Shimamoto, T., Iida, M., & Komachi, Y. (2001) · American Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/aje/153.5.490 · Cited by 325
Fibrinogen and coronary heart disease--what does it mean?
Assmann, G., Schulte, H., Funke, H., & von Eckardstein, A. (1998) · PubMed · Cited by 256
Todd, P. A., & Goa, K. L. (1990) · Drugs · doi:10.2165/00003495-199040040-00007 · Cited by 221
The Munster Heart Study (PROCAM)
Cullen, P., Schulte, H., & Assmann, G. (1997) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/01.cir.96.7.2128 · Cited by 212
Effect of statins on C-reactive protein in patients with coronary artery disease
Strandberg, T. E., Vanhanen, H. T., & Tikkanen, M. J. (1999) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(05)76154-7 · Cited by 209
Morrish, N. J., Stevens, L. K., Head, J. A., Fuller, J., Jarrett, R. J., & KEEN, H. (1990) · Diabetologia · doi:10.1007/bf00404142 · Cited by 197
Sherwin, R. W. (1987) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.1987.03390070063024 · Cited by 193
Solomon, C. G., Hu, F. B., Stampfer, M. J., Colditz, G. A., Speizer, F. E., Rimm, E. B., Willett, W. C., & Manson, J. E. (2000) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/01.cir.102.5.494 · Cited by 191
Health policy on blood cholesterol. Time to change directions.
Hulley, S. B., Walsh, J. M. E., & Newman, T. B. (1992) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/01.cir.86.3.1026 · Cited by 171
Jarrett, R. J., & Shipley, M. J. (1988) · Diabetologia · doi:10.1007/bf00274775 · Cited by 169
Jonas, M. A., Oates, J. A., Ockene, J. K., & Hennekens, C. H. (1992) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/01.cir.86.5.1664 · Cited by 167
MORTALITY FROM CORONARY HEART DISEASE IN THE TECUMSEH STUDY
BUTTER, W. J., Ostrander, L. D., Carman, W. J., & LAMPHIER, D. E. (1985) · American Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a114031 · Cited by 164
Alcohol Consumption and Risk of Coronary Heart Disease by Diabetes Status
Ajani, U. A., Gaziano, J. M., Lotufo, P. A., Liu, S., Hennekens, C. H., Buring, J. E., & Manson, J. E. (2000) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/01.cir.102.5.500 · Cited by 144
KODAMA, K., SASAKI, H., & SHIMIZU, Y. (1990) · Japanese Circulation Journal · doi:10.1253/jcj.54.414 · Cited by 135
Alcohol Intake and Premature Coronary Heart Disease in Urban Japanese Men
Kitamura, A., Iso, H., Sankai, T., Naito, Y., Sato, S., Kiyama, M., Okamura, T., Nakagawa, Y., lida, M., Shimamoto, T., et al. (1998) · American Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a009367 · Cited by 102
Inhibition of cultured vascular smooth muscle cell migration by simvastatin (MK-733)
Hidaka, Y., Eda, T., Yonemoto, M., & Kamei, T. (1992) · Atherosclerosis · doi:10.1016/0021-9150(92)90179-k · Cited by 95
wakugami, K., Iseki, K., Kimura, Y., Okumura, K., lkemiya, Y., Muratani, H., & Fukiyama, K. (1998) · Japanese Circulation Journal · doi:10.1253/jcj.62.7 · Cited by 51
Sherwin, R. W. (1987) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.257.7.943 · Cited by 50
Sekikawa, A. M., Satoh, T., Hayakawa, T., Ueshima, H., & Kuller, L. H. (2001) · Japanese Circulation Journal-english Edition · doi:10.1253/jcj.65.887 · Cited by 43
Yoshiya, H. A. T. A., Mabuchi, H., Saito, Y., Itakura, H., Egusa, G., Ito, H., Teramoto, T., Tsushima, M., Norio, T. A. D. A., Oikawa, S., et al. (1997) · The Journal of Japan Atherosclerosis Society · doi:10.5551/jat1973.25.1-2_1 · Cited by 33
Self-citationThe Relation of Chronic Diseases to All-cause Mortality Risk - The Seven Countries Study
Menotti, A., BLACKBURN, H. W., Seccareccia, F., Kromhout, D., Nissinen, A. M., Aravanis, C., Giampaoli, S., Mohaček, I., Nedeljković, S., & Toshima, H. (1997) · Annals of Medicine · doi:10.3109/07853899709113699 · Cited by 29
Matsuzawa, Y., Itakura, H., Kita, T., Mabuchi, H., Matsuzaki, M., Nakaya, N., Oikawa, S., Saitō, Y., Sasaki, J., & Shimamoto, K. (2000) · Current Therapeutic Research · doi:10.1016/s0011-393x(00)89037-2 · Cited by 16
Self-citationSaku, K., Zhang, B., Liu, R., Shirai, K., & Arakawa, K. (1999) · Japanese Circulation Journal-english Edition · doi:10.1253/jcj.63.659 · Cited by 14
Research works printed but not linked: 2
- 17. International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems, Vol. 1, 10th Revision. Geneva: World Health Organization, 1992; 471-513.
- 30. Assmann G, Schulte H, Funke H, von Eckardstein A. The emergence of triglycerides as a significant independent risk factor in coronary artery disease. Eur Heart J 1998; 19: M8-M14.
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Yokoyama, M., Origasa, H., Matsuzaki, M., Matsuzawa, Y., Saito, Y., Ishikawa, Y., Oikawa, S., Sasaki, J., Hishida, H., Itakura, H., et al. (2007) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(07)60527-3 · Cited by 2,516
Self-citationReprogramming of fatty acid metabolism in cancer
Koundouros, N., & Poulogiannis, G. (2019) · British Journal of Cancer · doi:10.1038/s41416-019-0650-z · Cited by 1,669
Ogihara, T., Kikuchi, K. M., Matsuoka, H., Fujita, T., Higaki, J., Horiuchi, M., Imai, Y., Imaizumi, T., Ito, S., Iwao, H., et al. (2014) · Hypertension Research · doi:10.1038/hr.2014.68 · Cited by 1,384
Self-citationNakamura, H., Arakawa, K., Itakura, H., Kitabatake, A., Goto, Y., Toyota, T., Nakaya, N., Nishimoto, S., Muranaka, M., Yamamoto, A., et al. (2006) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(06)69472-5 · Cited by 941
Self-citationKinoshita, M., Yokote, K., Arai, H., Iida, M., Ishigaki, Y., Ishibashi, S., Umemoto, S., Egusa, G., Ohmura, H., Okamura, T., et al. (2018) · Journal of Atherosclerosis and Thrombosis · doi:10.5551/jat.gl2017 · Cited by 813
Metadata
- Authors
- Matsuzaki, M., Kita, T., Mabuchi, H., Matsuzawa, Y., Nakaya, N., Oikawa, S., Saito, Y., Sasaki, J., Shimamoto, K., Itakura, H., & the J-LIT Study Group
- Affiliations
- Yamaguchi University (JP)
- Kyoto University (JP)
- Kanazawa University (JP)
- Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine
- Fussa Hospital (JP)
- Nippon Medical School (JP)
- Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine
- International University Graduate School of Health and Welfare
- Sapporo Medical University (JP)
- Ibaraki Christian University (JP)
- ORCID
- Oikawa, Shinichi
- Venue
- Circulation Journal
- Publisher
- Japanese Circulation Society
- Published
- 2002
- Volume
- 66
- Issue
- 12
- Pages
- 1087-1095
- ISSN
- 1346-9843 (ISSN-L)
- 1347-4820
- OpenAlex
- W2004878568
- Cited by
- 260
- References
- 52
- Citations by year
- 2025: 1 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 7 · 2022: 7 · 2021: 6 · 2020: 6 · 2019: 4 · 2018: 12 · 2017: 4 · 2016: 9 · 2015: 10 · 2014: 17 · 2013: 17 · 2012: 12
- FWCI
- 14.32
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Circulation Journal (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Institutional Repositories DataBase (IRDB) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- Kanazawa University Repository for Academic Resources (DSpace) (Kanazawa University) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Lipoproteins and Cardiovascular Health
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cancer Research › Cancer, Lipids, and Metabolism
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Biochemistry › Cholesterol and Lipid Metabolism
- Keywords
- simvastatin, hypercholesterolemia, coronary artery disease, serum cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, triglycerides, HDL cholesterol, J-curve, lipid-lowering therapy, all-cause mortality, statin therapy, Japanese patients
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Aged, Anticholesteremic Agents, Cholesterol, Coronary Disease, Dose-Response Relationship, Drug, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Humans, Hypercholesterolemia, Lipids, Male, Middle Aged, Osmolar Concentration, Risk Factors, Safety, Cohort Studies, Incidence, Simvastatin
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
