Nocturnal Hypoxemia, But Not Sleep Apnea, Is Associated With a Poor Prognosis in Patients With Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension
Open accessAbstract
BACKGROUND: Sleep apnea (SA) can cause repeated nocturnal arterial oxygen desaturation and result in acute increase in pulmonary arterial pressure (PAP). The presence of SA is associated with a poor prognosis in patients with chronic left-sided heart failure, but little is known for patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). METHODS AND RESULTS: =14.7, P<0.001) and that was the only independent variable related to death in multivariate Cox proportional hazards analysis. CONCLUSIONS: SA in patients with PAH was not associated with worse prognosis, unlike left ventricular heart failure, but nocturnal hypoxemia was related to poor prognosis.
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Duration and severity of nocturnal oxygen desaturation is an important risk factor for development of pulmonary arterial hypertension.
“suggesting that duration and severity of nocturnal oxygen desaturation, well known to occur in OSA patients, is an important risk factor for development of PAH.”
From International Consensus Statement on Obstructive Sleep Apnea (2023) · cites this paper as [776]
The Abstract (page unavailable) says sleep apnea can cause repeated nocturnal desaturation and that hypoxia can increase pulmonary arterial pressure and promote vascular remodeling. But the study enrolled people who already had PAH; its Prognosis and Outcome sections link nocturnal hypoxemia to poorer survival, not the development of PAH. It does not establish duration or severity of desaturation as a risk factor for developing PAH. (LLM, conf=0.85)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredIn those patients, mortality was significantly higher in those with nocturnal hypoxemia, defined as average SpO2 below 90%.
“however, mortality was significantly higher in patients with nocturnal hypoxemia, defined as an average SpO2 < 90%”
From International Consensus Statement on Obstructive Sleep Apnea (2023) · cites this paper as [776]
In patients with WHO group I pulmonary arterial hypertension, mortality did not differ significantly between those with and without obstructive sleep apnea.
“A study of WHO group I PAH patients showed there was no significant difference in mortality in patients with and without OSA”
From International Consensus Statement on Obstructive Sleep Apnea (2023) · cites this paper as [776]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Cites
Effect of Intrathoracic Pressure on Left Ventricular Performance
Buda, A. J., Pinsky, M. R., Ingels, N. B., Daughters, G. T., Stinson, E. B., & Alderman, E. L. (1979) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm197908303010901 · Cited by 813 · see citing works
Influence of Obstructive Sleep Apnea on Mortality in Patients With Heart Failure
Wang, H., Parker, J. D., Newton, G. E., Floras, J. S., Mak, S., Chiu, K.-L., Ruttanaumpawan, P., Tomlinson, G., & Bradley, T. D. (2007) · Journal of the American College of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2006.12.046 · Cited by 616 · see citing works
Bradley, T. D., & Floras, J. S. (2003) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/01.cir.0000061757.12581.15 · Cited by 557 · see citing works
Bradley, T. D., & Floras, J. S. (2003) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/01.cir.0000061758.05044.64 · Cited by 518 · see citing works
Javaheri, S. (2005) · International Journal of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.ijcard.2004.12.068 · Cited by 363 · see citing works
Hemodynamic Effects of Simulated Obstructive Apneas in Humans With and Without Heart Failure
Bradley, T. D., Hall, M. J., Ando, S.-I., & Floras, J. S. (2001) · Chest · doi:10.1378/chest.119.6.1827 · Cited by 216 · see citing works
Pulmonary Artery Hypertension and Sleep-Disordered Breathing
Atwood, C. W., McCrory, D. C., Garcia, J. G. N., Abman, S. H., & Ahearn, G. S. (2004) · CHEST Journal · doi:10.1378/chest.126.1_suppl.72s · Cited by 173 · see citing works
Comorbid Conditions and Outcomes in Patients With Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension
Poms, A. D., Turner, M. P., Farber, H. W., Meltzer, L. A., & McGoon, M. D. (2013) · CHEST Journal · doi:10.1378/chest.11-3241 · Cited by 164 · see citing works
Frequency and Impact of Pulmonary Hypertension in Patients With Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome
Minai, O. A., Ricaurte, B., Kaw, R., Hammel, J., Mansour, M., McCarthy, K., Golish, J. A., & Stoller, J. K. (2009) · The American Journal of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.amjcard.2009.06.048 · Cited by 156 · see citing works
Increased long-term mortality in heart failure due to sleep apnoea is not yet proven
Roebuck, T., Solin, P., Kaye, D. M., Bergin, P. J., Bailey, M., & Naughton, M. T. (2004) · European Respiratory Journal · doi:10.1183/09031936.04.00060404 · Cited by 138 · see citing works
Jilwan, F. N., Escourrou, P., Garcia, G., Jaïs, X., Humbert, M., & Roisman, G. (2013) · Chest · doi:10.1378/chest.11-3124 · Cited by 115 · see citing works
Carotid body chemoreceptors, sympathetic neural activation, and cardiometabolic disease
Iturriaga, R., Río, R. D., Idiaquez, J. F., & Somers, V. K. (2016) · Biological Research · doi:10.1186/s40659-016-0073-8 · Cited by 106 · see citing works
Nocturnal Hypoxemia Is Common in Primary Pulmonary Hypertension
Rafanan, A. L., Golish, J. A., Dinner, D. S., Hague, L. K., & Arroliga, A. C. (2001) · CHEST Journal · doi:10.1378/chest.120.3.894 · Cited by 105 · see citing works
Sleep-Related Breathing Disorders in Patients With Pulmonary Hypertension
Ulrich, S., Fischler, M., Speich, R., & Bloch, K. E. (2008) · CHEST Journal · doi:10.1378/chest.07-3035 · Cited by 104 · see citing works
Sleep Disordered Breathing in Group 1 Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension
Minic, M., Granton, J. T., & Ryan, C. M. (2014) · Journal of Clinical Sleep Medicine · doi:10.5664/jcsm.3528 · Cited by 92 · see citing works
Nocturnal periodic breathing in primary pulmonary hypertension
Schulz, R., Baseler, G., Ghofrani, H. A., Grimminger, F., Olschewski, H., & Seeger, W. (2002) · European Respiratory Journal · doi:10.1183/09031936.02.00225102 · Cited by 90 · see citing works
Sleep apnea in precapillary pulmonary hypertension
Dumitrascu, R., Tiede, H., Eckermann, J., Mayer, K., Reichenberger, F., Ghofrani, H. A., Seeger, W., HEITMANN, J., & Schulz, R. (2013) · Sleep Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.sleep.2012.11.013 · Cited by 85 · see citing works
Predictors of Nocturnal Oxygen Desaturation in Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension
Minai, O. A., Pandya, C. M., Golish, J. A., Avecillas, J. F., McCarthy, K. J., Marlow, S. P., & Arroliga, A. C. (2007) · CHEST Journal · doi:10.1378/chest.06-1378 · Cited by 83 · see citing works
Hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction
Dumas, J., Bardou, M., Goirand, F., & Dumas, M. (1999) · General Pharmacology The Vascular System · doi:10.1016/s0306-3623(99)00026-9 · Cited by 79 · see citing works
Sleep Apnea, Heart Failure, and Pulmonary Hypertension
Javaheri, S., Javaheri, S., & Javaheri, A. (2013) · Current Heart Failure Reports · doi:10.1007/s11897-013-0167-3 · Cited by 72 · see citing works
OSA and Pulmonary Hypertension
Ismail, K., Roberts, K. E., Manning, P., Manley, C. J., & Hill, N. S. (2015) · CHEST Journal · doi:10.1378/chest.14-0614 · Cited by 69 · see citing works
Hildenbrand, F. F., Bloch, K. E., Speich, R., & Ulrich, S. (2012) · Respiration · doi:10.1159/000341182 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
Correlation of pulmonary hypertension severity with metrics of comorbid sleep-disordered breathing
Prisco, D. L., Sica, A. L., Talwar, A., Narasimhan, M., OMONUWA, K. O., Hakimisefat, B., Dedopoulos, S., Shakir, N., & Greenberg, H. E. (2010) · Sleep And Breathing · doi:10.1007/s11325-010-0411-y · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Cellular responses to hypoxia in the pulmonary circulation
Brij, S., & Peacock, A. J. (1998) · Thorax · doi:10.1136/thx.53.12.1075 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Research works printed but not linked: 2
- [7]7. Dumas JP, Bardou M, Goirand F, Dumas M. Hypoxic pulmo- nary vasoconstriction. Gen Pharmacol 1999; 33: 289 -297.
- [15]15. Wang H, Parker JD, Newton GE, Floras JS, Mak S, Chiu KL, pulmonary arterial and chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension. Respiration 2012; 84: 477 -484.
Cited by
Sorted by citations
International Consensus Statement on Obstructive Sleep Apnea
Chang, J. L., Goldberg, A. N., Alt, J. A., Mohammed, A., Ashbrook, L., Auckley, D., Ayappa, I., Bakhtiar, H., Barrera, J. E., Bartley, B. L., et al. (2023) · International Forum of Allergy & Rhinology · doi:10.1002/alr.23079 · Cited by 350 · see citing works
Sleep-related breathing disorders and pulmonary hypertension
Adir, Y., Humbert, M. J. C., & Chaouat, A. (2020) · European Respiratory Journal · doi:10.1183/13993003.02258-2020 · Cited by 146 · see citing works
Karuga, F. F., Kaczmarski, P., Białasiewicz, P., Szmyd, B. M., Jaromirska, J., Grzybowski, F., Gebuza, P. A., Sochal, M., & Gabryelska, A. (2023) · Journal of Clinical Medicine · doi:10.3390/jcm12185907 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
Obstructive Sleep Apnea, Obesity Hypoventilation Syndrome, and Pulmonary Hypertension
Bjork, S., Jain, D., Hache-Marliere, M., Predescu, S. A., & Mokhlesi, B. (2024) · Sleep Medicine Clinics · doi:10.1016/j.jsmc.2024.02.009 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Sun, W., Wang, J.-L., Jia, G., Mi, W., Liao, Y., Huang, Y., Hu, Z., Zhang, L.-Q., & Chen, Y. (2019) · Chinese Medical Journal · doi:10.1097/cm9.0000000000000247 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Brazilian Thoracic Association Consensus on Sleep-disordered Breathing
Duarte, R., Togeiro, S. M., Palombini, L., Rizzatti, F. P. G., Fagondes, S. C., Magalhães-da-Silveira, F. J., Cabral, M. M., Genta, P. R., Lorenzi‐Filho, G., Clímaco, D. C. S., et al. (2022) · Jornal Brasileiro de Pneumologia · doi:10.36416/1806-3756/e20220106 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Obstructive Sleep Apnea and Pulmonary Hypertension: A Chicken-and-Egg Relationship
Balcan, B., Akdeniz, B., Peker, Y., & Collaborators, T. T. C. T. T. (2024) · Journal of Clinical Medicine · doi:10.3390/jcm13102961 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Lowery, M. M., Hill, N. S., Wang, L., Rosenzweig, E. B., Bhat, A., ERZURUM, S. C., Finet, J. E., Jellis, C. L., Kaur, S., Kwon, D. H., et al. (2023) · Journal of the American College of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2023.09.806 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Samhouri, B. F., Venkatasaburamini, M., y Mar, H. P., Li, M., Mehra, R., & Chaisson, N. F. (2020) · Journal of Clinical Sleep Medicine · doi:10.5664/jcsm.8468 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Huang, Z., Duan, A., Hu, M., Zhao, Z., Zhao, Q., Yan, L., Zhang, Y., Li, X., Jin, Q., An, C., et al. (2022) · Journal of Clinical Sleep Medicine · doi:10.5664/jcsm.10286 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Spießhoefer, J., Herkenrath, S. D., Harre, K., Kahles, F., Florian, A. R., Yılmaz, A., Möhr, M., Naughton, M. T., Randerath, W. J., Emdin, M., et al. (2021) · Respiration · doi:10.1159/000515602 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Murta, M. S., Duarte, R. L. M., Waetge, D., Gozal, D., Cardoso, A. P., & Mello, F. C. D. Q. (2022) · Lung · doi:10.1007/s00408-022-00547-w · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Li-ping, Q., Liu, H., Chang-ming, H., Yong-yi, B., & Ang, L. (2022) · Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine · doi:10.3389/fcvm.2022.910898 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Huang, Z., Duan, A., Zhao, Z., Zhao, Q., Zhang, Y., Li, X., Zhang, S., Gao, L., An, C., Luo, Q., et al. (2023) · Sleep Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.sleep.2023.11.016 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Jutant, E., Montani, D., Sattler, C., Günther, S., Sitbon, O., Garcia, G., Arnulf, I., Humbert, M. J. C., Similowski, T., & Redolfi, S. (2021) · Pulmonary Circulation · doi:10.1177/2045894021996930 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Nocturnal oxygen saturation is associated with all-cause mortality: a community-based study
Yan, B., Gao, Y., Zhang, Z., Shi, T., & Chen, Q. (2023) · Journal of Clinical Sleep Medicine · doi:10.5664/jcsm.10838 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Hu, B., Jiang, C. S., Ding, Y. J., Qin, W., Yu, W., Shi, Y. Y., Li, F. J., Li, C. H., & Li, Q. Y. (2024) · The American Journal of the Medical Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.amjms.2024.03.014 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Sleep‐disordered breathing and nocturnal hypoxemia in chronic thromboembolic pulmonary disease
Li, H., Yuan, P., Jiang, R., Zhao, Q., Sun, Y., Zhang, J., Gong, S., Li, J., Qiu, H., Wu, W., et al. (2024) · Internal Medicine Journal · doi:10.1111/imj.16359 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Wu, X., An, R., Luo, Q., Li, Y., Wang, H., Liu, Q., Huang, J., Jia, Y., Yuan, S., & Yan, F. (2022) · Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine · doi:10.3389/fcvm.2022.967240 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Wang, Y., Yue, W., Zhou, B., Zhang, J., He, Y., Wang, M., & Hu, K. (2025) · Nature and Science of Sleep · doi:10.2147/nss.s505702 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Lichtblau, M., Schwarz, E. I., Ulrich, T. L., Schneider, S., Bauer, M., Furian, M., Carta, A. F., Forrer, A., Saxer, S., Müller, J., et al. (2025) · Annals of the American Thoracic Society · doi:10.1513/annalsats.202412-1279oc · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Li, H., Yuan, P., Zhao, Q., Gong, S., Jiang, R., Li, J., Liu, H., Qiu, H., Wu, W., Luo, C., et al. (2022) · Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine · doi:10.3389/fcvm.2022.966973 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Çınar, C., Yıldızeli, Ş. O., Balcan, B., Yıldızeli, B., Mutlu, B., & Peker, Y. (2023) · Journal of Clinical Medicine · doi:10.3390/jcm12144639 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Cardiovascular Complications of Obstructive Sleep Apnea in the Intensive Care Unit and Beyond
Wahab, A., Chowdhury, A. R., Jain, N. K., Surani, S., Mushtaq, H. A., Khedr, A., Mir, M., Jama, A. B., Rauf, I., Jain, S., et al. (2022) · Medicina · doi:10.3390/medicina58101390 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Schwarz, E. I., Saxer, S., Lichtblau, M., Schneider, S., Müller, J., Mayer, L. C., Bloch, K. E., & Ulrich, S. (2024) · ERJ Open Research · doi:10.1183/23120541.00040-2024 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Battaglia, E., Compalati, E., Mapelli, L., Lax, A., Pierucci, P., Solidoro, P., & Banfi, P. I. (2024) · Minerva Medica · doi:10.23736/s0026-4806.24.09112-2 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Ojima, S., Kubozono, T., Saihara, K., Miyauchi, T., Kawasoe, S., Kubota, K., Shigemizu, S., Ohtsubo, H., Miyata, M., & Ohishi, M. (2019) · Circulation Reports · doi:10.1253/circrep.cr-19-0087 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Esnaud, R., Gagnadoux, F., Beurnier, A., Berréhare, A., Trzépizur, W., Humbert, M. J. C., Montani, D., & Jutant, E. (2021) · Respiratory Medicine and Research · doi:10.1016/j.resmer.2021.100835 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Linking lncRNAs to regulation, pathogenesis, and diagnosis of pulmonary hypertension
Zhang, Y., Wu, M., Cao, Y., Guo, F., & Li, Y. (2019) · Critical Reviews in Clinical Laboratory Sciences · doi:10.1080/10408363.2019.1688760 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Sleep-related disorders in patients with precapillary pulmonary hypertension
Chao, H.-Y., Yee, B. J., Hsu, C., Chen, H., & Lau, E. (2024) · Sleep Medicine Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.smrv.2024.101972 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Current understanding of the role of sleep-disordered breathing in pediatric pulmonary hypertension
Johnson, Z. J., Lestrud, S. O., & Hauck, A. L. (2022) · Progress in Pediatric Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.ppedcard.2022.101609 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Assessing the Pathophysiology, Morbidity, and Mortality of Obstructive Sleep Apnea
Rc, R. (2024) · Journal of Insurance Medicine · doi:10.17849/insm-51-3-1-20.2 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Dyachenko, M. A., Simakova, M. A., Коростовцева, Л. С., Викторович, Б. М., Goncharova, N. S., Sviryaev, Y. V., & Моисеева, О. М. (2020) · Arterial’naya Gipertenziya (Arterial Hypertension) · doi:10.18705/1607-419x-2020-26-1-85-93 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Murta, M. S., Duarte, R., Waetge, D., Gozal, D., Cardoso, A. P., & Mello, F. C. D. Q. (2025) · Heart & Lung · doi:10.1016/j.hrtlng.2025.04.021 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Group 3 PH: Clinical Features and Treatment
Aryal, S., Ahmad, K., & Nathan, S. D. (2020) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-801238-3.11655-1
Sleep-Disordered Breathing in Precapillary Pulmonary Hypertension: Is the Prevalence So High?
Zheng, Z., Chen, R., Li, C., Lu, J., Liu, H., Hong, C., & Zhang, N. (2021) · Respiration · doi:10.1159/000518142
Mon sommeil, mon coeur, mes vaisseaux
Lahmar, Z. M., Lamia, B., Planquette, B., & Jutant, E. (2022) · Revue des Maladies Respiratoires Actualités · doi:10.1016/s1877-1203(22)00040-4
Han, T., Huang, Q., Zhai, Z., & Zhang, X. (2025) · Respiratory Research · doi:10.1186/s12931-025-03318-2
Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome: A Cardiovascular Risk Factor
Masiello, C. P., Sagardía, S., & Francesca, S. D. (2025) · Revista Argentina de Cardiología · doi:10.7775/rac.es.v93.i3.20892
Bai, W., Wang, N., Wang, Z., Wu, Z., Luo, X., & Li, F. (2025) · Journal of Medical Biochemistry · doi:10.5937/jomb0-62326
Ершов, А. В., Elfimova, E. M., Mikhailova, O. O., Yarovoy, S. Y., Danilov, N. M., Martynyuk, T. V., Litvin, A. Y., & Chazova, I. E. (2025) · Russian Cardiology Bulletin · doi:10.17116/cardiobulletin20252004164
Ершов, А. В., Mikhailova, O. O., Elfimova, E. M., Вячеславович, М. К., Rodnenkov, O. V., Danilov, N. M., Litvin, A. Y., & Chazova, I. E. (2026) · Terapevticheskii arkhiv · doi:10.26442/00403660.2026.03.203621
Nocturnal Hypoxaemia in PAH Patients Living at High Altitude Relocated to Low Altitude
Schwarz, E. I., Herzig, J. J., Bauer, M., Cajamarca, E., Furian, M., Lichtblau, M., Müller, J., Saragoni, D., Saxer, S., Schmucki, M., et al. (2026) · Respiration · doi:10.1159/000552738
The Association between Obstructive Sleep Apnea-Hypopnea Syndrome and Pulmonary Hypertension
郭, 俊. (2026) · Advances in Clinical Medicine · doi:10.12677/acm.2026.1662475
Sleep-disordered breathing in patients with group 1 and group 4 pulmonary hypertension
Yüce, K., Aşkar, S., & Aşkar, M. (2026) · Sleep Medicine X · doi:10.1016/j.sleepx.2026.100200
- Authors
- Nagaoka, M., Goda, A., Takeuchi, K., Kikuchi, H., Finger, M., Inami, T., Soejima, K., & Satoh, T.
- Affiliations
- Kyorin University (JP)
- Venue
- Circulation Journal
- Publisher
- Japanese Circulation Society
- Published
- 2018-11-24
- Volume
- 82
- Issue
- 12
- Pages
- 3076-3081
- ISSN
- 1346-9843 (ISSN-L)
- 1347-4820
- OpenAlex
- W2896471252
- Cited by
- 45
- References
- 24
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 8 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 11 · 2021: 4 · 2020: 4 · 2019: 3
- FWCI
- 2.07
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- diamond
- doi.org
- Locations
- Circulation Journal (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine › Pulmonary Hypertension Research and Treatments
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Obstructive Sleep Apnea Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pharmacology › Apelin-related biomedical research
- Keywords
- pulmonary arterial hypertension, sleep apnea, nocturnal hypoxemia, prognosis, mortality, oxygen desaturation, left heart failure, pulmonary artery pressure
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Hypoxia, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Cardiac Catheterization, Humans, Hypertension, Pulmonary, Male, Middle Aged, Retrospective Studies, Sleep, Sleep Apnea Syndromes, Survival Rate, Disease-Free Survival
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
