The DOI matches its Crossref record; 1 of the 1 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Bias and data assimilation
Abstract
All data assimilation systems are affected by biases, caused by problems with the data, by approximations in the observation operators used to simulate the data, by limitations of the assimilating model, or by the assimilation methodology itself. A clear symptom of bias in the assimilation is the presence of systematic features in the analysis increments, such as large persistent mean values or regularly recurring spatial structures. Bias can also be detected by monitoring statistics of observed‐minus‐background residuals for different instruments. Bias‐aware assimilation methods are designed to estimate and correct systematic errors jointly with the model state variables. Such methods require attribution of a bias to a particular source, and its characterization in terms of some well‐defined set of parameters. They can be formulated either in a variational or sequential estimation framework by augmenting the system state with the bias parameters. Copyright © 2005 Royal Meteorological Society
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
A New Approach to Linear Filtering and Prediction Problems
Kalman, R. E. (1960) · Journal of Basic Engineering · doi:10.1115/1.3662552 · Cited by 31,751
Cited by
Hersbach, H., Bell, B., Berrisford, P., Hirahara, S., Horányi, A., Muñoz‐Sabater, J., Nicolas, J., Peubey, C., Radu, R., Schepers, D., et al. (2020) · Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society · doi:10.1002/qj.3803 · Cited by 31,882
Self-citationThe ERA‐Interim reanalysis: configuration and performance of the data assimilation system
Dee, D. P., Uppala, S. M., Simmons, A. J., Berrisford, P., Poli, P., Kobayashi, S., Andrae, U., Balmaseda, M. A., Balsamo, G., Bauer, P., et al. (2011) · Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society · doi:10.1002/qj.828 · Cited by 24,480
Self-citationMERRA: NASA’s Modern-Era Retrospective Analysis for Research and Applications
Rienecker, M. M., Suarez, M. J., Gelaro, R., Todling, R., Bacmeister, J., Liu, E., Bosilovich, M. G., Schubert, S. D., Takacs, L., Kim, G.-K., et al. (2011) · Journal of Climate · doi:10.1175/jcli-d-11-00015.1 · Cited by 4,852
Benedetti, A., Morcrette, J. ‐., Boucher, O., Dethof, A., Engelen, R. J., Fisher, M., Flentje, H., Huneeus, N., Jones, L., Kaiser, J. W., et al. (2009) · Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres · doi:10.1029/2008jd011115 · Cited by 608
Schneider, T., Lan, S., Stuart, A., & Teixeira, J. (2017) · Geophysical Research Letters · doi:10.1002/2017gl076101 · Cited by 391
Metadata
- Authors
- Dee, D. P.
- Venue
- Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2005-10
- Volume
- 131
- Issue
- 613
- Pages
- 3323-3343
- ISSN
- 0035-9009 (ISSN-L)
- 1477-870X
- OpenAlex
- W2097230269
- Cited by
- 626
- References
- 1
- FWCI
- 8.53
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Bias and data assimilation. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1256/qj.05.137
- The paper
- Dee, D. P. (2005). Bias and data assimilation. Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society. https://doi.org/10.1256/qj.05.137
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
