The DOI matches its Crossref record; 2 of the 2 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Longer-Term Effects of Head Start
Open accessAbstract
Specially collected data on adults in the Panel Study of Income Dynamics are used to provide evidence on the longer-term effects of Head Start, an early intervention program for poor preschool-age children. Whites who attended Head Start are, relative to their siblings who did not, significantly more likely to complete high school, attend college, and possibly have higher earnings in their early twenties. African-Americans who participated in Head Start are less likely to have been booked or charged with a crime. There is some evidence of positive spillovers from older Head Start children to their younger siblings.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Early Childhood Education: Young Adult Outcomes From the Abecedarian Project
Campbell, F. A., Ramey, C. T., Pungello, E., Sparling, J., & Miller-Johnson, S. (2002) · Applied Developmental Science · doi:10.1207/s1532480xads0601_05 · Cited by 1,144
Reynolds, A. J., Temple, J. A., Robertson, D. L., & Mann, E. A. (2001) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.285.18.2339 · Cited by 846
Cited by
The Social Determinants of Health: Coming of Age
Braveman, P., Egerter, S., & Williams, D. R. (2011) · Annual Review of Public Health · doi:10.1146/annurev-publhealth-031210-101218 · Cited by 2,476
The rate of return to the HighScope Perry Preschool Program
Heckman, J. J., Moon, S. H., Pinto, R., Savelyev, P. A., & Yavitz, A. (2010) · Journal of Public Economics · doi:10.1016/j.jpubeco.2009.11.001 · Cited by 1,341
“18 Their findings are generally consistent with findings from a recent study of Head Start (Garces et al., 2002).”
The Economics of Human Development and Social Mobility
Heckman, J. J., & Mosso, S. (2014) · Annual Review of Economics · doi:10.1146/annurev-economics-080213-040753 · Cited by 940
Labor market returns to an early childhood stimulation intervention in Jamaica
Gertler, P., Heckman, J., Pinto, R., Zanolini, A., Vermeersch, C., Walker, S., Chang, S. M., & Grantham-McGregor, S. (2014) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1251178 · Cited by 776
Early Childhood Intervention and Life-Cycle Skill Development: Evidence from Head Start
Deming, D. (2009) · American Economic Journal: Applied Economics · doi:10.1257/app.1.3.111 · Cited by 695
Metadata
- Authors
- Garces, E., Thomas, D., & Currie, J.
- Venue
- American Economic Review
- Publisher
- American Economic Association
- Published
- 2002-08-01
- Volume
- 92
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 999-1012
- ISSN
- 0002-8282 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W3125025937
- Cited by
- 951
- References
- 2
- FWCI
- 142.13
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Longer-Term Effects of Head Start. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1257/00028280260344560
- The paper
- Garces, E., Thomas, D., & Currie, J. (2002). Longer-Term Effects of Head Start. American Economic Review. https://doi.org/10.1257/00028280260344560
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
