The DOI matches its Crossref record; 39 of the 43 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Incarceration Length, Employment, and Earnings
Abstract
This paper estimates effects of increases in incarceration length on employment and earnings prospects of individuals after their release from prison. I utilize a variety of research designs including controlling for observable factors and using instrumental variables for incarceration length based on randomly assigned judges with different sentencing propensities. The results show no consistent evidence of adverse labor market consequences of longer incarceration length using any of the analytical methods in either the state system in Florida or the federal system in California.
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In the citing paper
“However, papers focusing on the United States and using randomly assigned judges find no effects of incarceration on economic outcomes (Kling, 2006) or on recidivism (Green and Winik, 2010).”
From Prison Rehabilitation Programs: Efficiency and Targeting (2021) · cites this paper as Kling, 2006
In the citing paper
“and the literature provides little evidence of rehabilitative effects of incarceration (Kling, 2006).”
From Prison Rehabilitation Programs: Efficiency and Targeting (2021) · cites this paper as Kling, 2006
Citations
Cites
(2012) · American Economic Review · doi:10.1257/aer.102.7.i · Cited by 7,275
A Survey of Weak Instruments and Weak Identification in Generalized Method of Moments
Stock, J. H., Wright, J. H., & Yogo, M. (2002) · Journal of Business and Economic Statistics · doi:10.1198/073500102288618658 · Cited by 4,151
Bound, J., Jaeger, D. A., & Baker, R. (1995) · Journal of the American Statistical Association · doi:10.1080/01621459.1995.10476536 · Cited by 3,898
When prisoners come home: parole and prisoner reentry
Petersilia, J. (2003) · Choice Reviews Online · doi:10.5860/choice.41-2504 · Cited by 1,770
Empirical Strategies in Labor Economics
Angrist, J. D., & Krueger, A. B. (1999) · Handbook of Labor Economics · doi:10.1016/s1573-4463(99)03004-7 · Cited by 1,628
Correctional Populations in the United States, 2015
Kaeble, D., & Glaze, L. E. (2016) · University of North Texas Digital Library (University of North Texas) · Cited by 1,624
Streetwise: Race, Class, and Change in an Urban Community.
Stahura, J. M., & Anderson, E. (1992) · Contemporary Sociology A Journal of Reviews · doi:10.2307/2074730 · Cited by 1,424
LIFE‐COURSE DESISTERS? TRAJECTORIES OF CRIME AMONG DELINQUENT BOYS FOLLOWED TO AGE 70*
Sampson, R. J., & Laub, J. H. (2003) · Criminology · doi:10.1111/j.1745-9125.2003.tb00997.x · Cited by 1,103
The Impact of Incarceration on Wage Mobility and Inequality
Western, B. (2002) · American Sociological Review · doi:10.1177/000312240206700403 · Cited by 711
Angrist, J. D. (1990) · American Economic Review · Cited by 547
Flagged first, then by citations
4 of the 43 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.
Research works printed but not linked: 6
- Ackerberg Daniel A, Journal of Applied Econometrics (forthcoming).
- Davidson Russell, Journal of Applied Econometrics (forthcoming).
- Freeman Richard B, 1999, North-Holland, 3529
- Gladden Tricia, 2000, New York: Russell Sage Foundation, 160
- Hahn Jinyong, American Economic Review, 2003
- 10.2307/3088944 · DOI · Paper page
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Human Decisions and Machine Predictions
Kleinberg, J., Lakkaraju, H., Leskovec, J., Ludwig, J., & Mullainathan, S. (2018) · The Quarterly Journal of Economics · doi:10.1093/qje/qjx032 · Cited by 1,040
Incarceration and Stratification
Wakefield, S., & Uggen, C. (2010) · Annual Review of Sociology · doi:10.1146/annurev.soc.012809.102551 · Cited by 747
Child Protection and Child Outcomes: Measuring the Effects of Foster Care
Doyle, J. J. (2007) · American Economic Review · doi:10.1257/aer.97.5.1583 · Cited by 604
The Growth of Incarceration in the United States
National Research Council (2014) · National Academies Press eBooks · doi:10.17226/18613 · Cited by 648
Dobbie, W., Goldin, J., & Yang, C. S. (2018) · American Economic Review · doi:10.1257/aer.20161503 · Cited by 564
Metadata
- Authors
- Kling, J. R.
- Affiliations
- Brookings Institution (US)
- Corresponding author
- Kling, Jeffrey R
- Venue
- American Economic Review
- Publisher
- American Economic Association
- Published
- 2006-05-01
- Volume
- 96
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 863-876
- ISSN
- 0002-8282 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2165279165
- Cited by
- 563
- References
- 43
- Citations by year
- 2026: 22 · 2025: 32 · 2024: 36 · 2023: 31 · 2022: 48 · 2021: 37 · 2020: 32 · 2019: 39 · 2018: 36 · 2017: 40 · 2016: 21 · 2015: 30 · 2014: 35 · 2013: 14 · 2012: 19
- FWCI
- 60.43
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- American Economic Review (publishedVersion)
- RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Criminal Justice and Corrections Analysis
- Social Sciences › Economics, Econometrics and Finance › Economics and Econometrics › Labor market dynamics and wage inequality
- Social Sciences › Economics, Econometrics and Finance › Economics and Econometrics › Law, Economics, and Judicial Systems
- Keywords
- prison sentence length, post-release employment, earnings, labor market outcomes, recidivism, sentencing, instrumental variables
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