Gender Gaps and the Rise of the Service Economy
Open accessAbstract
This paper investigates the role of the rise in services in the narrowing of gender gaps in hours and wages in recent decades. We highlight the between-industry component of differential gender trends for the United States and propose a model economy with goods, services, and home production, in which women have a comparative advantage in producing services. The rise of services, driven by structural transformation and marketization of home production, raises women's relative wages and market hours. Quantitatively, the model accounts for an important share of the observed trends in women's hours and relative wages. (JEL J16, J21, J22, J24, J31, L80)
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A trend affecting the women's participation rate is the growth in certain female-dominated service sectors of the economy, such as healthcare and education.
“A trend affecting the women’s participation rate is the growth in certain female-dominated service sectors of the economy, such as healthcare and education.”
From Labor force and macroeconomic projections overview and highlights, 2023–33 (2024) · cites this paper as [19]
Cites
The Quiet Revolution That Transformed Women's Employment, Education, and Family
Goldin, C. (2006) · American Economic Review · doi:10.1257/000282806777212350 · Cited by 1,831 · see citing works
Gender and the labor market: What have we learned from field and lab experiments?
Azmat, G., & Petrongolo, B. (2014) · Labour Economics · doi:10.1016/j.labeco.2014.06.005 · Cited by 314 · cited 2× · see citing works
“We thus replace production of services (10) by”
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Labor force and macroeconomic projections overview and highlights, 2023–33
Dubina, K. (2024) · Monthly labor review · doi:10.21916/mlr.2024.14 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
- Authors
- Ngai, L. R., & Petrongolo, B.
- Affiliations
- Centre for Economic Policy Research (GB)
- Queen Mary University, Centre for Economic Performance (LSE) and Centre for Economic Policy Research, Mile End Road, London E1 4NS (email: )
- Venue
- American Economic Journal: Macroeconomics
- Publisher
- American Economic Association
- Published
- 2017-10-01
- Volume
- 9
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 1-44
- ISSN
- 1945-7707 (ISSN-L)
- 1945-7715
- OpenAlex
- W1502135304
- Cited by
- 332
- References
- 2
- Citations by year
- 2026: 24 · 2025: 47 · 2024: 50 · 2023: 47 · 2022: 27 · 2021: 30 · 2020: 21 · 2019: 21 · 2018: 36 · 2017: 12 · 2016: 9 · 2015: 2 · 2014: 3
- FWCI
- 51.30
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- American Economic Journal Macroeconomics (publishedVersion)
- London School of Economics and Political Science Theses Online (London School of Economics and Political Science) (submittedVersion)
- RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
- Queen Mary Research Online (Queen Mary University of London) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Hong Kong University of Science and Technology
- Economic and Social Research Council (RES-000-)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Gender Studies › Gender, Labor, and Family Dynamics
- Social Sciences › Economics, Econometrics and Finance › Economics and Econometrics › Labor market dynamics and wage inequality
- Social Sciences › Gender Studies › Labour Market and Migration
- Keywords
- gender gap, service economy, women's wages, household production, structural change, comparative advantage, gender pay gap
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