Use of telemedicine in subjects with type 1 diabetes equipped with an insulin pump and real-time continuous glucose monitoring
Abstract
We evaluated a telemedicine system in patients with type 1 diabetes who had optimized treatment with an insulin pump and a real-time continuous glucose monitoring system. We conducted a prospective, one-year study of 15 subjects. Three medical visits took place: pre-baseline, baseline and at 6 months. Each month the subjects transmitted information from the glucose meter, glucose sensor and insulin pump. We adjusted the treatment and returned the information by email. We evaluated psychological and metabolic variables, including HbA 1c , hypoglycaemia, hyperglycaemia and glucose variability. At baseline the mean age of the subjects was 40 years and the mean duration of diabetes was 22 years. There was a significant reduction in HbA 1c (7.50 to 6.97%) at 6 months, a significant increase in the number of self-monitoring blood glucose checks per day (5.2 to 6.2), and significant improvements in variability: MODD, mean of daily difference (67 to 53) and MAGE, mean amplitude of glycaemic excursions (136 to 102). There were significant improvements in quality of life (92 to 87), satisfaction with the treatment (34 to 32) and less fear of hypoglycaemia (36 to 32). Adult subjects with type 1 diabetes on treatment with a continuous insulin infusion system and a real time glucose sensor and who have acceptable metabolic control and optimized treatment can benefit from the addition of a telemetry system to their usual outpatient follow-up.
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Previous research suggests that components of virtual care interventions lead to positive outcomes for people with type 2 diabetes such as improved blood glucose control and knowledge to manage their diabetes.
“Previous research suggests that components of virtual care interventions lead to positive outcomes for people with type 2 diabetes such as improved blood glucose control and knowledge to manage their diabetes [9, 10].”
From Effect of virtual care in type 2 diabetes management – a systematic umbrella review of systematic reviews and meta-analysis (2025) · cites this paper as [10]
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“Seven of the 14 studies reported statistically significant declining %A1C values.(19,20,23,25,26,28,29) Five intervention approaches were observed in these studies: Internet based,(23,26,30) Mobile based,(25,28,31,32) Mobile and Internet based,(20,22,27,33,34) a telephone service,(21,24) and an optional videoconferenc…”
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- Authors
- González-Molero, I., Domínguez-López, M., Guerrero, M., Carreira, M., Caballero, F., Rubio-Martín, E., Linares, F., Cardona, I., Anarte, M. T., de Adana, M. S. R., & Soriguer, F.
- Affiliations
- Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ES)
- Endocrinology and Nutrition Service, Carlos Haya Hospital and CIBERDEM (Instituto de Salud Carlos III), Málaga, Spain
- Universidad de Málaga (ES)
- Psychiatric Department, Autonomous University of Madrid, Spain
- Hospital Clínico Universitario Virgen de la Victoria (ES)
- Personality, Evaluation and Psychological Treatment, Psychology Faculty, Málaga University, Spain
- Corresponding author
- González-Molero, Inmaculada
- Venue
- Journal of Telemedicine and Telecare
- Publisher
- SAGE Publications
- Published
- 2012-08-21
- Volume
- 18
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 328-332
- ISSN
- 1357-633X (ISSN-L)
- 1758-1109
- OpenAlex
- W2047569132
- Cited by
- 24
- References
- 23
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 2 · 2023: 1 · 2022: 1 · 2021: 3 · 2020: 1 · 2018: 3 · 2017: 3 · 2016: 2 · 2015: 3 · 2014: 1 · 2013: 3
- FWCI
- 1.80
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Telemedicine and Telecare (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes Management and Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Telemedicine and Telehealth Implementation
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes Management and Education
- Keywords
- telemedicine, type 1 diabetes, insulin pump, continuous glucose monitoring, HbA1c, glycemic variability, hypoglycemia, self-monitoring of blood glucose, quality of life, outpatient follow-up
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Blood Glucose, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1, Female, Glycated Hemoglobin, Humans, Hypoglycemic Agents, Insulin, Male, Middle Aged, Prospective Studies, Quality of Life, Blood Glucose Self-Monitoring, Infusion Pumps, Implantable, Patient Satisfaction, Telemedicine, Monitoring, Ambulatory
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