The DOI matches its Crossref record; 1 of the 1 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
The Impact of Menstrual Cycle Phases on Athletic Performance: A Comprehensive Review
Abstract
Introduction The menstrual cycle influences various physiological systems, including energy metabolism, neuromuscular function, and psychological states, which collectively impact athletic performance. Despite increased research in this area, findings remain inconsistent due to individual variability and methodological differences. This review synthesizes current evidence on the effects of menstrual cycle phases on athletic performance to identify actionable strategies for female athletes. Materials and Methods A systematic review of 35 studies published between 2019 and 2025 was conducted using PubMed and PMC databases. Inclusion criteria focused on studies examining the physiological, psychological, or performance-related effects of menstrual cycle phases. Each study was evaluated for its methodology, population, and outcomes to ensure a comprehensive analysis. Analysis of the Literature This review explores the influence of hormonal fluctuations during the menstrual cycle on energy metabolism, neuromuscular function, endurance, strength, and psychological aspects. It highlights individualized recovery strategies and long-term adaptations to phase-specific training. Conclusions Menstrual cycle phases exert significant, though variable, effects on athletic performance. While the follicular phase favors carbohydrate metabolism and high-intensity activities, the luteal phase supports fatigue resistance and fat utilization. Personalized training protocols informed by hormonal profiling can optimize outcomes, though further research is needed to standardize methodologies and evaluate long-term adaptations.
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“which, as noted by Rosińska-Lewandoska et al. (2025), may support fatigue resistance, but is not optimal for performing high-intensity efforts51.”
From Impact of a single swimming session on inflammatory response and iron homeostasis in adolescent female athletes during the luteal phase (2025) · cites this paper as Rosińska-Lewandoska et al. (2025)
In the citing paper
“despite a statistically significant increase in WBC count following exercise, the values remained within the reference range”
From Impact of a single swimming session on inflammatory response and iron homeostasis in adolescent female athletes during the luteal phase (2025) · cites this paper as [52]
In the citing paper
“suggesting the absence of an acute inflammatory response in the participants52 (Table 5).”
From Impact of a single swimming session on inflammatory response and iron homeostasis in adolescent female athletes during the luteal phase (2025) · cites this paper as [52]
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Cites
Sex differences and considerations for female specific nutritional strategies: a narrative review
Wohlgemuth, K. J., Arieta, L. R., Brewer, G. J., Hoselton, A. L., Gould, L. M., & Smith-Ryan, A. E. (2021) · Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition · doi:10.1186/s12970-021-00422-8 · Cited by 111
Cited by
Mydłowska, M., Kasperska, A., Cichoń-Woźniak, J., Dziewiecka, H., Ostapiuk-Karolczuk, J., & Skarpańska-Stejnborn, A. (2025) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-025-29551-9 · Cited by 2
Metadata
- Authors
- Rosińska-Lewandoska, D., Lewandowska, D., Ufnal, J., Podraza, A., Strep, D., Grabowska, J., Kwiatkowski, M., Romańczyk, P., Białczak, J., & Kanownik, W.
- Venue
- Journal of Education, Health and Sport
- Published
- 2025-02-10
- Volume
- 78
- Pages
- 57659
- ISSN
- 2391-8306
- Cited by
- 4
- References
- 1
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