Sex differences and considerations for female specific nutritional strategies: a narrative review
Open accessAbstract
Although there is a plethora of information available regarding the impact of nutrition on exercise performance, many recommendations are based on male needs due to the dominance of male participation in the nutrition and exercise science literature. Female participation in sport and exercise is prevalent, making it vital for guidelines to address the sex-specific nutritional needs. Female hormonal levels, such as estrogen and progesterone, fluctuate throughout the mensural cycle and lifecycle requiring more attention for effective nutritional considerations. Sex-specific nutritional recommendations and guidelines for the active female and female athlete have been lacking to date and warrant further consideration. This review provides a practical overview of key physiological and nutritional considerations for the active female. Available literature regarding sex-specific nutrition and dietary supplement guidelines for women has been synthesized, offering evidenced-based practical information that can be incorporated into the daily lives of women to improve performance, body composition, and overall health.
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Recent guidelines provide recommendations on the conditions under which female sex hormones need to be considered.
“these guidelines provide recommendations on the conditions under which female sex hormones need to be considered [1,8,11]”
From International society of sports nutrition position stand: nutritional concerns of the female athlete (2023) · cites this paper as [11]
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Cited by
Sorted by citations
International society of sports nutrition position stand: nutritional concerns of the female athlete
Sims, S. T., Kerksick, C. M., Smith-Ryan, A. E., Janse de Jonge, X. A. K., Hirsch, K. R., Arent, S. M., Hewlings, S. J., Kleiner, S. M., Bustillo, E., Tartar, J. L., et al. (2023) · Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition · doi:10.1080/15502783.2023.2204066 · Cited by 91 · see citing works
“physical performance has resulted in a growing body of research that addresses these issues across the lifespan [12,13].”
BackgroundSelf-citation
- Authors
- Wohlgemuth, K. J., Arieta, L. R., Brewer, G. J., Hoselton, A. L., Gould, L. M., & Smith-Ryan, A. E.
- Affiliations
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (US)
- Department of Exercise and Sport ScienceUniversity of North Carolina at Chapel Hill 27599 Chapel Hill NC USA
- Venue
- Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition
- Publisher
- Informa UK Limited
- Published
- 2021-01-02
- Volume
- 18
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 27-27
- ISSN
- 1550-2783 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC8015182
- OpenAlex
- W3143831607
- Cited by
- 111
- References
- 176
- Citations by year
- 2026: 21 · 2025: 28 · 2024: 27 · 2023: 17 · 2022: 15 · 2021: 3
- FWCI
- 1.96
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cell Biology › Muscle metabolism and nutrition
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Orthopedics and Sports Medicine › Sports Performance and Training
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Rehabilitation › Exercise and Physiological Responses
- Keywords
- sex differences in nutrition, female athletes, women's sports participation, menstrual cycle, estrogen, progesterone, dietary supplements, exercise performance, body composition, women's health
- MeSH terms
- Body Composition, Body Temperature Regulation, Energy Intake, Contraceptives, Oral, Hormonal, Diet, Female, Humans, Menstruation, Sex Characteristics, Exercise, Nutrition Policy, Muscle Fatigue, Dietary Supplements, Sports Nutritional Physiological Phenomena
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