Whose Voice Do We Hear in the Marketplace? Evidence from Consumer Complaining Behavior
Abstract
Victims from heavily minority areas complain to the government much less than those from nonminority areas, relative to their degree of victimization.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Lack of trust in authorities and lack of social capital may account for lower rates of fraud reporting among residents in predominantly minority communities compared to residents in predominantly white communities.
“Raval's (2020) analysis indicates that lack of trust in authorities and lack of social capital may account for lower rates of fraud reporting among residents in predominantly minority communities compared to residents in predominantly white communities.”
From Profiling consumers who reported mass marketing scams: demographic characteristics and emotional sentiments associated with victimization (2024) · cites this paper as Raval 2020
Cites
Self-efficacy: Toward a unifying theory of behavioral change
Bandura, A. (1977) · Psychological Review · doi:10.1037/0033-295x.84.2.191 · Cited by 43,925 · see citing works
Exit, Voice and Loyalty: Responses to Decline in Firms, Organizations, and States.
Tullock, G., & Hirschman, A. O. H. (1970) · The Journal of Finance · doi:10.2307/2325604 · Cited by 11,018 · see citing works
Helplessness: On Depression, Development, and Death
Seligman, M. E. P. (1975) · CERN Document Server (European Organization for Nuclear Research) · Cited by 6,181 · see citing works
Bowling Alone: The Collapse and Revival of American Community
Galston, W. A. (2001) · Journal of Policy Analysis and Management · doi:10.1002/pam.1035 · Cited by 3,897 · see citing works
Code of the Street: Decency, Violence, and the Moral Life of the Inner City
Halnon, K. B., & Anderson, E. (2001) · Teaching Sociology · doi:10.2307/1318956 · Cited by 3,633 · see citing works
Individual-Level Evidence for the Causes and Consequences of Social Capital
Brehm, J., & Rahn, W. (1997) · American Journal of Political Science · doi:10.2307/2111684 · Cited by 2,421 · see citing works
Alesina, A., & La Ferrara, E. (2002) · Journal of Public Economics · doi:10.1016/s0047-2727(01)00084-6 · Cited by 2,329 · see citing works
Glaeser, E. L., Laibson, D., Scheinkman, J. A., & Soutter, C. L. (2000) · The Quarterly Journal of Economics · doi:10.1162/003355300554926 · Cited by 2,211 · see citing works
Ghose, A., & Ipeirotis, P. G. (2010) · IEEE Transactions on Knowledge and Data Engineering · doi:10.1109/tkde.2010.188 · Cited by 1,396 · see citing works
Promotional Reviews: An Empirical Investigation of Online Review Manipulation
Mayzlin, D., Dover, Y., & Chevalier, J. (2014) · American Economic Review · doi:10.1257/aer.104.8.2421 · Cited by 937 · see citing works
Ain't No Makin' It: Aspirations and Attainment in a Low-Income Neighborhood.
Royster, D. A., & MacLeod, J. (1996) · Contemporary Sociology A Journal of Reviews · doi:10.2307/2077161 · Cited by 876 · see citing works
Do Online Reviews Affect Product Sales? The Role of Reviewer Characteristics and Temporal Effects
Hu, N., Liu, L., & Zhang, J. (2008) · Information Technology and Management · doi:10.1007/s10799-008-0041-2 · Cited by 661 · see citing works
Bone, S. A., Christensen, G. L., & Williams, J. D. (2014) · Journal of Consumer Research · doi:10.1086/676689 · Cited by 246 · see citing works
The Limits of Reputation in Platform Markets: An Empirical Analysis and Field Experiment
Nosko, C., & Tadelis, S. (2015) · doi:10.3386/w20830 · Cited by 229 · see citing works
Singh, J. (1989) · Journal of Consumer Affairs · doi:10.1111/j.1745-6606.1989.tb00251.x · Cited by 155 · see citing works
The Determinants of Online Review Informativeness: Evidence from Field Experiments on AirbnbPreprint
Fradkin, A., Grewal, E., & Holtz, D. (2018) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.2939064 · Cited by 124 · see citing works
Fear and the Safety Net: Evidence from Secure Communities
Alsan, M. M., & Yang, C. (2018) · National Bureau of Economic Research · doi:10.3386/w24731 · Cited by 72 · see citing works
MacLeod, J. (2018) · Routledge eBooks · doi:10.1201/9780429495458 · Cited by 65 · see citing works
Garrett, D. E., & Toumanoff, P. G. (2010) · Journal of Consumer Affairs · doi:10.1111/j.1745-6606.2010.01155.x · Cited by 50 · see citing works
The Determinants of Consumer Complaints
Oster, S. M. (1980) · The Review of Economics and Statistics · doi:10.2307/1924785 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Aggregation of Consumer Ratings: An Application to Yelp.comPreprint
Dai, W. (., Jin, G. Z., Lee, J., & Luca, M. (2014) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.2518998 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
WHICH COMMUNITIES COMPLAIN TO POLICYMAKERS? EVIDENCE FROM CONSUMER SENTINEL
Raval, D. R. (2019) · Economic Inquiry · doi:10.1111/ecin.12838 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Self-citationGans, J. S., Avi Goldfarb, B., & Lederman, M. (2017) · National Bureau of Economic Research · doi:10.3386/w23046 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
SKELETONS IN THE DATABASE: AN EARLY ANALYSIS OF THE CFPB'S CONSUMER COMPLAINTSPreprint
Ayres, I., Lingwall, J. W., & Steinway, S. (2025) · doi:10.31219/osf.io/usxmh_v1 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
1 of the 25 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Intellectual structure of consumer complaining behavior (CCB) research: A bibliometric analysis
Arora, S. D., & Chakraborty, A. (2020) · Journal of Business Research · doi:10.1016/j.jbusres.2020.08.043 · Cited by 84 · see citing works
Correlates of responding to and becoming victimized by fraud: Examining risk factors by scam type
DeLiema, M., Li, Y., & Mottola, G. R. (2022) · International Journal of Consumer Studies · doi:10.1111/ijcs.12886 · Cited by 73 · see citing works
Examining consumer complaints from an on-demand service platform
Yan, N., Xu, X., Tong, T., & Huang, L. (2021) · International Journal of Production Economics · doi:10.1016/j.ijpe.2021.108153 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
Gans, J. S., Avi Goldfarb, B., & Lederman, M. (2021) · American Economic Journal Microeconomics · doi:10.1257/mic.20180085 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
Who is Victimized by Fraud? Evidence from Consumer Protection Cases
Raval, D. (2021) · Journal of Consumer Policy · doi:10.1007/s10603-020-09466-w · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Self-citationWHICH COMMUNITIES COMPLAIN TO POLICYMAKERS? EVIDENCE FROM CONSUMER SENTINEL
Raval, D. R. (2019) · Economic Inquiry · doi:10.1111/ecin.12838 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Self-citationDeLiema, M., & Witt, P. (2024) · Security Journal · doi:10.1057/s41284-023-00401-5 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
“The complaint rate was closer to 1 in 10 victims for scams that involved significantly higher dollar losses (Raval 2020, Table 1, p. 171).”
Crafting Survey Research: A Systematic Process for Conducting Survey Research
Vomberg, A., & Klarmann, M. (2021) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-57413-4_4 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Chen, G., & Li, S. (2021) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2021.773354 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Wang, Y., Tsang, A., Xiang, Y., & Yan, S. (2023) · The British Accounting Review · doi:10.1016/j.bar.2023.101280 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Bozkurt, S., Gligor, D. M., Hollebeek, L. D., & Sumlin, C. (2024) · Journal of Research in Interactive Marketing · doi:10.1108/jrim-09-2023-0317 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Lim, H. S., & Letkiewicz, J. C. (2023) · Journal of Consumer Policy · doi:10.1007/s10603-023-09535-w · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Evolutionary Game Analysis of Consumer Complaint Handling in E‐Commerce
Bai, S., Liu, Z., & Lv, Y. (2022) · Discrete Dynamics in Nature and Society · doi:10.1155/2022/3792080 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Crafting Survey Research: A Systematic Process for Conducting Survey Research
Vomberg, A., & Klarmann, M. (2021) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-05542-8_4-1 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Effective voice: Beyond exit and affect in online communities
Frey, S., & Schneider, N. (2023) · New Media & Society · doi:10.1177/14614448211044025 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Customer Voice on Two-Sided Platforms: The Effect of Surge Pricing on Customer Complaints
Xu, L., Wei, Y. “., & Zhu, Y. (2024) · Management Science · doi:10.1287/mnsc.2024.4992 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Introduction to the Special Issue on Consumer Protection
Avi Goldfarb, B., Jin, G. Z., & Sudhir, K. (2020) · Marketing Science · doi:10.1287/mksc.2019.1205 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Langton, L. L., DeLiema, M., Brannock, M. D., & Preble, E. A. (2024) · The British Journal of Criminology · doi:10.1093/bjc/azae033 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Bäckman, C., & Hanspal, T. (2022) · Financial Planning Review · doi:10.1002/cfp2.1137 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Economics at the FTC: Fertilizer, Consumer Complaints, and Private Label Cereal
Sweeting, A. T., Balan, D. J., Kreisle, N., Panhans, M. T., & Raval, D. R. (2020) · Review of Industrial Organization · doi:10.1007/s11151-020-09792-w · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Self-citationSocial Capital and Its Psychological Consequences on Consumer Resilience–A Mediated Moderation Model
Ozanne, L. K., Prayag, G., & Chowdhury, M. (2025) · Journal of Consumer Affairs · doi:10.1111/joca.70013 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Xia, P., Liu, Z., Wang, W., Shi, W., & Nieuwenhuyse, I. V. (2022) · IEEE Transactions on Engineering Management · doi:10.1109/tem.2022.3168429 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Editorial: Marketing’s Role in the Evolving Discipline of Product Management
Shulman, J. D., Toubia, O., & Saddler, R. (2022) · Marketing Science · doi:10.1287/mksc.2022.1428 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Tucker, C. E., Wang, Y., & Yu, S. (2026) · Information Systems Research · doi:10.1287/isre.2022.0159 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Consumer, bank, and stock market reaction to CFPB’s complaint data disclosure
Bhattacharya, A. (2022) · Journal of Financial Services Marketing · doi:10.1057/s41264-022-00143-2 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Consumer complaint intentions: the impact of general and specific self-confidence
Öney, E., & Aghaei, İ. (2022) · Journal of Marketing Analytics · doi:10.1057/s41270-022-00203-5 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Does Surge Pricing Affect Customer Complaint Rates?Preprint
Wei, Y. “., Xu, L., & Zhu, Y. (2019) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.3437470 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Casarín, A. A., & Mercadier, A. C. (2025) · Utilities Policy · doi:10.1016/j.jup.2025.101957 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Economics at the FTC: Estimating Harm from Deception and Analyzing Mergers
Vita, M. G., Brand, K., Larson-Koester, M., Petek, N., Taragin, C., Violette, W. J., & Wood, D. H. (2022) · Review of Industrial Organization · doi:10.1007/s11151-022-09883-w · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Amplifying Consumers’ Voice: The Federal Trade Commission’s Report Fraud Website Redesign
Grosz, M., & Raval, D. R. (2024) · Marketing Science · doi:10.1287/mksc.2023.0643 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Self-citationPrevalence of Mass Financial Fraud in Rural Areas: An Exploratory Study in Tangail, Bangladesh
Nabi, M. M., Fahim, M. B., & Akter, M. (2024) · European Review of Applied Sociology · doi:10.2478/eras-2024-0007 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
When the Internet Gets Under Our Skin: Reassessing Consumer Law and Policy in a Society of Cyborgs
Coldron, B. C., Diega, G. N. L., Twigg‐Flesner, C., Busch, C., Stolte, T., & de Vries, M.-O. (2025) · Journal of Consumer Policy · doi:10.1007/s10603-024-09581-y · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Exit, Tweets, and LoyaltyPreprint
Gans, J., Goldfarb, A., & Lederman, M. (2017) · American Economic Journal: Microeconomics · doi:10.2139/ssrn.2889388 · Cited by 48 · see citing works
Open Voice or Private Message? The Hidden Tug-of-War on Social Media Customer ServicePreprint
He, S., Lee, S., & Rui, H. (2021) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.3951591 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Kucuk, S. U. (2020) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-53983-2_4 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Alecu, A. I. (2024) · Emerald Group Publishing Limited eBooks · doi:10.1108/s0195-631020240000037004 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Customer Voice Behavior: A Systematic Review and Future Research Agenda
Efe, F. O., Kabadayı, E. T., Aksoy, N. C., & Alan, A. K. (2025) · International Journal of Consumer Studies · doi:10.1111/ijcs.70142 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
The impact of technology investment on financial service quality: Evidence from bank hirings
Kim, S. (2026) · Review of Quantitative Finance and Accounting · doi:10.1007/s11156-026-01486-w · Cited by 1 · see citing works
User interaction with digital platforms: A consumer protection perspective
Lew, N., & Raval, D. R. (2026) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.2525996123 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Self-citationFraud Across BordersPreprint
Raval, D. R., & Grosz, M. (2022) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.4197797
Self-citationHot Under the Collar: Impacts of Extreme Heat on Financial Consumer ComplaintsPreprint
Sun, R. H., Xu, L., & Yu, C.-F. J. (2025) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.5192247
Grit in the Gears: Air Pollution and Financial CognitionPreprint
Ahmed, M., Zhai, M., & Charles, J. S. J. (2025) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.5406249
The Interplay Between Customer Feedback Solicitation and Innovation: A Dynamic Solution
Wen, H., Duenyas, I., & UICHANCO, J. A. V. (2026) · Manufacturing & Service Operations Management · doi:10.1287/msom.2025.0785
ODR, Reputation by Litigation and (Ex Post) Discrimination
Paglietti, M. C. (2025) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-93247-2_18
Frauds and Scams: A Post-Pandemic Consumer PerspectivePreprint
Grodzicki, D. (2026) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.6709118
Johnen, J., & Ng, R. (2026) · Management Science · doi:10.1287/mnsc.2024.06335
Wang, J., & Nan, D. (2026) · China Finance Review International · doi:10.1108/cfri-08-2025-0575
- Authors
- Raval, D.
- Affiliations
- Federal Trade Commission (US)
- Corresponding author
- Raval, Devesh
- ORCID
- Raval, Devesh
- Venue
- Marketing Science
- Published
- 2020-01
- Volume
- 39
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 168-187
- ISSN
- 0732-2399 (ISSN-L)
- 1526-548X
- OpenAlex
- W2973591486
- Cited by
- 47
- References
- 25
- Citations by year
- 2026: 7 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 9 · 2021: 7 · 2020: 5 · 2019: 2 · 2016: 1
- FWCI
- 7.55
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Marketing Science (publishedVersion, public-domain)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Business, Management and Accounting › Marketing › Consumer Market Behavior and Pricing
- Social Sciences › Business, Management and Accounting › Marketing › Consumer Behavior in Brand Consumption and Identification
- Social Sciences › Business, Management and Accounting › Organizational Behavior and Human Resource Management › Customer Service Quality and Loyalty
- Keywords
- customer complaints, consumer voice, minority consumers, racial disparities, consumer protection
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review