The DOI matches its Crossref record; 86 of the 90 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Advertising Content and Consumer Engagement on Social Media: Evidence from Facebook
Open accessAbstract
We describe the effect of social media advertising content on customer engagement using data from Facebook. We content-code 106,316 Facebook messages across 782 companies, using a combination of Amazon Mechanical Turk and natural language processing algorithms. We use this data set to study the association of various kinds of social media marketing content with user engagement—defined as Likes, comments, shares, and click-throughs—with the messages. We find that inclusion of widely used content related to brand personality—like humor and emotion—is associated with higher levels of consumer engagement (Likes, comments, shares) with a message. We find that directly informative content—like mentions of price and deals—is associated with lower levels of engagement when included in messages in isolation, but higher engagement levels when provided in combination with brand personality–related attributes. Also, certain directly informative content, such as deals and promotions, drive consumers’ path to conversion (click-throughs). These results persist after incorporating corrections for the nonrandom targeting of Facebook’s EdgeRank (News Feed) algorithm and so reflect more closely user reaction to content than Facebook’s behavioral targeting. Our results suggest that there are benefits to content engineering that combines informative characteristics that help in obtaining immediate leads (via improved click-throughs) with brand personality–related content that helps in maintaining future reach and branding on the social media site (via improved engagement). These results inform content design strategies. Separately, the methodology we apply to content-code text is useful for future studies utilizing unstructured data such as advertising content or product reviews. The online appendix is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2017.2902 . This paper was accepted by Chris Forman, information systems.
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“The algorithms do this by monitoring the amount of time particular kinds of content keep the particular user engaged with the platform, and they use that data to continuously adjust the content so that the particular user remains engaged with the platform for ever lengthening periods of time”
From Ethics of the Attention Economy: The Problem of Social Media Addiction (2021) · cites this paper as Lee, Hosanagar, & Nair, 2018
Citations
Cites
LeCun, Y., Bengio, Y., & Hinton, G. (2015) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature14539 · Cited by 84,126
The Elements of Statistical Learning
Hastie, T., Tibshirani, R., & Friedman, J. (2009) · Springer Series in Statistics · doi:10.1007/978-0-387-84858-7 · Cited by 25,970
Silhouettes: A graphical aid to the interpretation and validation of cluster analysis
Rousseeuw, P. J. (1987) · Journal of Computational and Applied Mathematics · doi:10.1016/0377-0427(87)90125-7 · Cited by 21,392
A decision-theoretic generalization of on-line learning and an application to boosting
Freund, Y., & Schapire, R. E. (1997) · Journal of Computer and System Sciences · doi:10.1006/jcss.1997.1504 · Cited by 20,466
Breiman, L. (1996) · Machine Learning · doi:10.1007/bf00058655 · Cited by 16,325
Conceptualizing, Measuring, and Managing Customer-Based Brand Equity
Keller, K. L. (1993) · Journal of Marketing · doi:10.2307/1252054 · Cited by 14,763
Generalized Additive Models: An Introduction with R
Wood, S. N. (2017) · doi:10.1201/9781315370279 · Cited by 13,852
Amazon's Mechanical Turk: A New Source of Inexpensive, Yet High-Quality, Data?
Buhrmester, M., Kwang, T., & Gosling, S. D. (2011) · Perspectives on Psychological Science · doi:10.1177/1745691610393980 · Cited by 9,996
Brown, R. A., Hastie, T. J., & Tibshirani, R. J. (1991) · Biometrics · doi:10.2307/2532174 · Cited by 8,263
Dimensions of Brand Personality
Aaker, J. L. (1997) · Journal of Marketing Research · doi:10.2307/3151897 · Cited by 7,843
Flagged first, then by citations
4 of the 90 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.
Research works printed but not linked: 10
- 10.1177/002224379703400304 · DOI
- Bagwell K, 2007, Handbook of Industrial Organization, 3, 1701
- Creamer M, 2012, AdAge.
- Ellickson PB, 2010, Quant. Marketing Econom., 10, 1
- 10.1177/002224299305700101 · DOI
- Liu X, Lee D, Srinivasan K (2017) Large scale cross category analysis of consumer review content on sales conversion leveraging deep learning. Working Paper 16-09, NET Institute, New York.
- Malik HH, 2011, Proc. 20th ACM Internat. Conf. Inform. Knowledge Management, 2497
- 10.2307/1250490 · DOI
- Terlep S, 2012, Wall Street Journal
- Weiss M, 2000, The Value of Brand Personalities: The Phenomenon of the Strategic Positioning of Brands
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 901–989 of 989
Prihananto, P., Noer, L. R., Hakim, N. S., Yusvianty, R. S. A., & Rahmi, A. (2025) · AIP conference proceedings · doi:10.1063/5.0259480
Análise de sentimento: tutorial com Python
Filho, S. S. M., Limongi, R., & Martins, F. S. (2025) · ReMark - Revista Brasileira de Marketing · doi:10.5585/2025.26739
More than Words: The Value of Alignment, Narrative, and Persuasion in Managerial Strategic ResponsesPreprint
Babu, X., & Zhang, J. (2025) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.5382813
Sentiment analysis: a tutorial with Python
Filho, S. S. M., Limongi, R., & Martins, F. S. (2025) · ReMark - Revista Brasileira de Marketing · doi:10.5585/2025.29269
Ettalibi, S., & Ouardighi, A. E. (2025) · Lecture notes in networks and systems · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-94623-3_22
Dahake, P. S., & Dahake, P. P. (2025) · IGI Global eBooks · doi:10.4018/979-8-3373-2424-1.ch016
A study on the visual effect and user response of infomercials based on neural network analysis
Xia, Y., Rosli, A. B., & Alwie, A. (2025) · Applied Mathematics and Nonlinear Sciences · doi:10.2478/amns-2025-0961
Volpe, V. V., Ross, J. M., Holland, M. C., Badejoh, O. O., & Buhrman, G. W. (2025) · Journal of Health Psychology · doi:10.1177/13591053251378224
Sigurðsson, V., Larsen, N. M., Sigfusdottir, A. D., Fagerstrøm, A., Alemu, M. H., Folwarczny, M., & Foxall, G. R. (2025) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-91595-6_7
Product markets, gender, and investment behavior
Bradley, D., Lahtinen, K., & Shipe, S. D. (2025) · Journal of financial markets · doi:10.1016/j.finmar.2025.101030
The Application and Development Strategies of Social E-Commerce Models in Cross-Border E-Commerce
李, 劲. (2025) · E-Commerce Letters · doi:10.12677/ecl.2025.14113403
Dahake, P. S. (2025) · IGI Global eBooks · doi:10.4018/979-8-3373-1857-8.ch006
Kavaliauskienė, Ž., Jonuškienė, E., Stević, Ž., & Novarlić, B. (2025) · Journal of theoretical and applied electronic commerce research · doi:10.3390/jtaer20040336 · Cited by 1
Metaverse Marketing Simulations
Dahake, P. S., Chhajer, P., & Mehta, V. (2025) · IGI Global eBooks · doi:10.4018/979-8-3373-3141-6.ch006
Aghakhani, N., Lin, C.-W. J., Nikkhah, H. R., & Carter, M. (2025) · Information Systems Frontiers · doi:10.1007/s10796-025-10666-3
Visual Cues and Valuation: Evidence from the Housing MarketPreprint
Bhattacharya, P., Li, S., Wang, Y., Wu, C., & Zheng, X. (2025) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.5880062
Frese, F., Hollstein, A. S., Fink, T., Schade, M., & Burmann, C. (2025) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-658-46399-1_68-1
Yang, Q., Xu, Y., & van den Bos, K. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.26674448
Are Display Ad Content and Landing Page Ad Content Complements or Substitutes? A Field ExperimentPreprint
Kim, Y., & Kalyanam, K. (2025) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.5620810
A bibliometric analysis of social media advertising research: Mapping prominent trends
Nagvanshi, S., & Kumar, V. (2025) · Multidisciplinary Reviews · doi:10.31893/multirev.2026279
The Future of Branding in a Tech-Driven World
Dahake, P. S., Dahake, P. P., Mohare, R. V., & Shukla, J. (2025) · IGI Global eBooks · doi:10.4018/979-8-3373-2367-1.ch004
Liu, W., Chen, H., Zhang, M., Tong, L., & Fan, W. (2025) · Information Technology and Management · doi:10.1007/s10799-025-00479-w
Prados‐Peña, M. B., Almendros, E. C., & Liébana-Cabanillas, F. J. (2026) · Academia Revista Latinoamericana de Administración · doi:10.1108/arla-04-2025-0144 · Cited by 1
Xu, Z., Cong, R., & Jin, Q. (2026) · Lecture notes in computer science · doi:10.1007/978-3-032-12801-0_7
Khan, S. B., & Kronrod, A. (2026) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-88240-1_9
Qiu, L. (2026) · New perspectives in organizational communication · doi:10.1007/978-3-032-14713-4_2
Who's on and who's not? Technology diffusion and corporate social media adoption patterns
Singh, A., Kang, S., Hosseini, A., & Savickas, R. (2026) · Advances in Accounting · doi:10.1016/j.adiac.2026.100866
Kuo, Y., Lin, W.-C., Liao, J.-Z., & Liu, H. (2026) · European Journal of Marketing · doi:10.1108/ejm-02-2025-0103
When are reposts effective? Exploring the effects of OSM user engagement and post types on sales
Bai, L., Fu, X., Xu, X., & Yin, T. (2026) · Journal of Business Research · doi:10.1016/j.jbusres.2026.116004
CSR communication, social media and consumer engagement: evidence from the airline industry
Hamdoun, M., Alraja, M. N., & Pérez, A. (2026) · Social Responsibility Journal · doi:10.1108/srj-12-2024-0902
Nelson, N. K., & Martin, K. M. (2026) · IGI Global eBooks · doi:10.4018/979-8-3373-1499-0.ch002
The Citizen between Disbelief and Purpose: Trust and Social Media in Government
Rodrigues, J. D. L., Filho, E. J. M. A., & Borges, F. Q. (2026) · Information Polity · doi:10.1177/15701255261416610 · Cited by 1
Machine Learning Applications in Social Media Analytics: A State-of-Art Analysis
Dobrucalı, B., & İlter, B. (2020) · DergiPark (Istanbul University)
Kalyanam, K., Thomadsen, R., & Zhao, N. (2025) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.5338643
Dahake, D. P., Dahake, N. S., & Shukla, J. V. (2026) · Advances in computational intelligence and robotics book series · doi:10.4018/979-8-3373-2747-1.ch012
Bosmediano, J. S. A., & Rizquez, K. D. C. M. (2026) · Religación · doi:10.46652/rgn.v11i50.1621
Francis, T. (2026) · Roczniki Nauk Społecznych · doi:10.18290/rns2026.0007
Pietrowiak, K. (2026) · Przegląd Socjologii Jakościowej · doi:10.18778/1733-8069.22.1.01
Dash, S. P., & Chatterjee, R. (2025) · Emerald Group Publishing Limited eBooks · doi:10.1108/978-1-83662-188-120251011
Mapping artificial intelligence in marketing: insights through a two-decade analysis (2000–2024)
Casermeiro-Corpas, Y., Rejón‐Guardia, F., & Arán, M. V. (2026) · Academia Revista Latinoamericana de Administración · doi:10.1108/arla-03-2025-0071
Rao, K. B., & Adhikary, M. (2026) · International Journal of Systems Assurance Engineering and Management · doi:10.1007/s13198-026-03148-5
Modeling the Impact of Personalized Social Media Advertisements on Online Impulse Buying Intention
Bereczki, A.-E., & Alt, M. (2025) · Studia Universitatis Babeş-Bolyai. Oeconomica · doi:10.2478/subboec-2025-0009
Jibril, A. B., Padi, A., & Amoah, J. O. (2026) · Thunderbird International Business Review · doi:10.1002/tie.70119
Liu, L., Yu, C., & Ping, Z. H. A. O. (2026) · Journal of Interactive Advertising · doi:10.1080/15252019.2026.2634676 · Cited by 1
The empirical research on online local beauty product purchase intention in China: the SOR model
Wang, D., Kamarruddin, N. N. A., & Mokhtar, S. S. M. (2026) · The International Review of Retail Distribution and Consumer Research · doi:10.1080/09593969.2026.2647198
Social Media CommentsPreprint
Donati, D., & Song, L. (2026) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.6529698
Product salience in influencer endorsement posts
Klostermann, J., Meißner, M., Musalem, A., & Decker, R. (2026) · Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science · doi:10.1007/s11747-026-01143-7
Unraveling Generative AI from a Human Intelligence Perspective: A Battery of Experiments
Wang, W., Pei, S., & Sun, T. (2026) · Information Systems Research · doi:10.1287/isre.2023.0487 · Cited by 2
NLP in Analyzing Persuasive Language and Digital Marketing Effectiveness
Islam, M. J. I. M. J. (2022) · International Journal of Scientific Research in Science and Technology · doi:10.32628/ijsrst52310496 · Cited by 1
Fota, A., Rollin, R., & Schramm‐Klein, H. (2026) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-658-49371-4_30
Dong, X., Xie, J., Xi, N., Liao, J., & Xie, S. (2026) · International Journal of Advertising · doi:10.1080/02650487.2026.2670858 · Cited by 1
Pillar content for university branding in social media marketing
Rahmawan, G. (2026) · Cogent Business & Management · doi:10.1080/23311975.2026.2670883
Majumdar, M., Kumar, S., & Sriskandarajah, C. (2026) · Management Science · doi:10.1287/mnsc.2023.01838
Yang, R., Wang, J., Liu, S., Deng, H., Li, L., Li, J., & Zhou, Y. (2026) · Case Studies on Transport Policy · doi:10.1016/j.cstp.2026.101860
Sociopolitical Activism, Brand Personality, and Social Media Engagement
Mahmood, A., & Morales, J. S. (2026) · Journal of Interactive Marketing · doi:10.1177/10949968261457050
Chowdhury, R., & Ahmed, F. (2026) · Future Business Journal · doi:10.1186/s43093-026-00862-1 · Cited by 1
Lapresta‐Romero, S., Ortega, B. H., & Franco, J. L. (2026) · Journal of Internet Commerce · doi:10.1080/15332861.2026.2676023
Li, Y., zhang, X., Wang, Y., & Chen, X. (2026) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.6836263
Papetti, C., Kacha, M., Lemoine, J.-F., & Zafri, R. (2026) · Décisions Marketing · doi:10.3917/dm.122.0051
Conceptualizing negative customer engagement: scale development and validation
Ng, M. (2026) · Service Industries Journal · doi:10.1080/02642069.2026.2677655
How Scientific Fields Evolve: Evidence from Digital Economy ResearchPreprint
Kaiser, F. (2026) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.6878974
DÖNMEZ, M. S., & Aksoy, S. (2026) · İNİF E - Dergi · doi:10.47107/inifedergi.1859846
Zhang, K., Chen, L., & Zhao, Z. (2026) · Economics · doi:10.1515/econ-2025-0206
AI-driven solutions for promoting customer inclusivity in service industries: a systematic review
Arıcı, H. E. (2026) · Service Industries Journal · doi:10.1080/02642069.2026.2687791 · Cited by 1
Rahman, A. A. A., Nithya, N., Yoganandan, G., & Meero, A. A. (2026) · SN Business & Economics · doi:10.1007/s43546-026-01224-3
Measuring consumer susceptibility to informative and normative online social influences
Stöckli, S., Shen, H., & Bartsch, F. (2026) · Journal of Business Research · doi:10.1016/j.jbusres.2026.116270
Türker, O. (2026) · 3 SEKTÖR SOSYAL EKONOMİ DERGİSİ · doi:10.63556/tisej.2026.1672
Enhancing Consumer Engagement Through Human-AI Collaboration
Dahake, P. S., Dahake, N. S., & Mohare, R. V. (2026) · Advances in computational intelligence and robotics book series · doi:10.4018/979-8-2600-2378-5.ch003
Hải, L. T., Lai, M. S., & Kim, T. N. (2026) · Journal of Promotion Management · doi:10.1080/10496491.2026.2693593
Ferguson, S. (2026) · American Impact Review · doi:10.66308/air.e2026011
Silveira, C. M. (2026) · American Impact Review · doi:10.66308/air.e2026014
Elsantil, Y. G. (2026) · Corporate and Business Strategy Review · doi:10.22495/cbsrv7i3art11 · Cited by 1
Linking Firm-Generated Social Media Content to Sales and Returns
Akturk, M. S., Hilafu, H., & Letizia, P. (2026) · Management Sciences · doi:10.1287/mnsc.2023.01432
Juneja, S., Verberne, S., & Ossokina, I. V. (2026) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.7086560
Content Creator Multihoming and Attention Spillovers Across PlatformsPreprint
Rao, X., Dai, J., Hao, Y., & Qiu, L. (2026) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.6602278
Haim‐Nachum, S., Martin, A., & Amsalem, D. (2026) · Internet Interventions · doi:10.1016/j.invent.2026.100990
Paid attention: Mapping political and news advertising strategies on social media across Europe
Zollo, S., Marco, N. D., Cerqueti, R., Quattrociocchi, W., & Cinelli, M. (2026) · Information Processing & Management · doi:10.1016/j.ipm.2026.105090
Beyond Awareness: Emotional and Physiological Reactions to Climate Terminology
Dickel, P., & Mai, R. (2026) · Business Strategy and the Environment · doi:10.1002/bse.71399
Kim, H., Mota, T., & Song, S. (2026) · Asian Journal Of Social Psychology · doi:10.1111/ajsp.70107
Andayesh, S., Kianrad, Z., & Sana, S. S. (2026) · Human-Intelligent Systems Integration · doi:10.1007/s42454-026-00114-1
When ads look worth keeping: Screenshotable design increases ad saving and Facebook ad liking
Yiwen, S., Fan, M., Abdilkarievich, B. A., & Yang, Z. (2026) · Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services · doi:10.1016/j.jretconser.2026.105013
Temporal baselines alter cross-platform estimates of brand search attention during sporting events
Zhang, T., Miao, Y., & Jiao, Y. (2026) · Frontiers in Communication · doi:10.3389/fcomm.2026.1938976
Jain, A. S., Gupta, R., & Rathore, B. (2026) · Journal of the Knowledge Economy · doi:10.1007/s13132-026-03462-0
When reach and loyalty scale together: a digital music benchmark for marketing analytics
Šulik, M. (2026) · Journal of Marketing Analytics · doi:10.1057/s41270-026-00541-8
The Aesthetic Paradox: How Visual Aesthetic Quality Shapes Digital Engagement on Social Media
Liao, C., Li, X., Huang, Z., & Xian, T. (2026) · Journal of Advertising · doi:10.1080/00913367.2026.2725646
From curiosity to churn: A longitudinal analysis of user engagement with an LLM-powered social bot
Lin, C., Wang, W., & Jiang, Z. (2026) · Telematics and Informatics · doi:10.1016/j.tele.2026.102473
Machine Learning Measure-Supported Empirical Studies: A Survey
Hu, W., Huang, W., Liu, Y., Song, B., Xuan, M., Zhou, S., & Li, X. (2026) · INFORMS journal on computing · doi:10.1287/ijoc.2024.0918
Metadata
- Authors
- Lee, D., Hosanagar, K., & Nair, H. S.
- Affiliations
- Carnegie Mellon University (US)
- University of Pennsylvania (US)
- Stanford University (US)
- Venue
- Management Science
- Published
- 2018-11
- Volume
- 64
- Issue
- 11
- Pages
- 5105-5131
- ISSN
- 0025-1909 (ISSN-L)
- 1526-5501
- OpenAlex
- W3125510825
- Semantic Scholar
- 49ae2abdba289d0823cf3440b4320a76e9a580c0
- Cited by
- 1,069
- References
- 90
- Citations by year
- 2026: 109 · 2025: 141 · 2024: 155 · 2023: 138 · 2022: 158 · 2021: 146 · 2020: 87 · 2019: 69 · 2018: 29
- FWCI
- 131.60
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- doi.org
- Locations
- Management Science (publishedVersion)
- SSRN Electronic Journal (publishedVersion)
- RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
- ScholarlyCommons (University of Pennsylvania) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Business, Management and Accounting › Marketing › Digital Marketing and Social Media
- Social Sciences › Business, Management and Accounting › Marketing › Marketing and Advertising Strategies
- Social Sciences › Business, Management and Accounting › Marketing › Consumer Market Behavior and Pricing
- Keywords
- social media advertising, advertising content, customer engagement, Facebook, brand personality, humor, emotions, conversion, behavioral targeting, natural language processing
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review