The DOI matches its Crossref record; 63 of the 63 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
The Time Variation in Risk Appetite and Uncertainty
Abstract
We formulate a dynamic no-arbitrage asset pricing model for equities and corporate bonds, featuring time variation in both risk aversion and economic uncertainty. The joint dynamics among cash flows, macroeconomic fundamentals, and risk aversion accommodate both heteroskedasticity and non-Gaussianity. The model delivers measures of risk aversion and uncertainty at the daily frequency. We verify that equity variance risk premiums are very informative about risk aversion, whereas credit spreads and corporate bond volatility are highly correlated with economic uncertainty. Our model-implied risk premiums outperform standard instruments for predicting asset excess returns. Risk aversion is substantially correlated with consumer confidence measures and in early 2020 reacted more strongly to new COVID cases than did an uncertainty proxy. This paper was accepted by Haoxiang Zhu, finance.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Measuring Economic Policy Uncertainty*
Baker, S. R., Bloom, N., & Davis, S. J. (2016) · The Quarterly Journal of Economics · doi:10.1093/qje/qjw024 · Cited by 12,458
On a measure of lack of fit in time series models
LJUNG, G. M., & BOX, G. E. P. (1978) · Biometrika · doi:10.1093/biomet/65.2.297 · Cited by 6,668
Investor Sentiment and the Cross‐Section of Stock Returns
BAKER, M., & WURGLER, J. (2006) · The Journal of Finance · doi:10.1111/j.1540-6261.2006.00885.x · Cited by 6,049
The Impact of Uncertainty Shocks
(2009) · Econometrica · doi:10.3982/ecta6248 · Cited by 5,834
By Force of Habit: A Consumption‐Based Explanation of Aggregate Stock Market Behavior
Campbell, J. Y., & Cochrane, J. H. (1999) · Journal of Political Economy · doi:10.1086/250059 · Cited by 5,210
Risks for the Long Run: A Potential Resolution of Asset Pricing Puzzles
Bansal, R., & Yaron, A. (2004) · The Journal of Finance · doi:10.1111/j.1540-6261.2004.00670.x · Cited by 4,242
Expected stock returns and volatility
French, K. R., Schwert, G. W., & Stambaugh, R. F. (1987) · Journal of Financial Economics · doi:10.1016/0304-405x(87)90026-2 · Cited by 4,107
A comprehensive look at the empirical performance of equity premium prediction
Welch, I., & Goyal, A. (2008) · Review of Financial Studies · doi:10.1093/rfs/hhm014 · Cited by 3,987
Modeling and Forecasting Realized Volatility
Andersen, T. G., Bollerslev, T., Diebold, F. X., & Labys, P. (2003) · Econometrica · doi:10.1111/1468-0262.00418 · Cited by 3,863
Jurado, K., Ludvigson, S. C., & Ng, S. (2015) · American Economic Review · doi:10.1257/aer.20131193 · Cited by 2,860
Cited by
Monetary policy shocks and Bitcoin prices
Ma, C., Tian, Y., Hsiao, S., & Deng, L. (2022) · Research in International Business and Finance · doi:10.1016/j.ribaf.2022.101711 · Cited by 34
Metadata
- Authors
- Bekaert, G., Engstrom, E. C., & Xu, N. R.
- Venue
- Management Science
- Published
- 2022-06
- Volume
- 68
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 3975-4004
- ISSN
- 0025-1909 (ISSN-L)
- 1526-5501
- OpenAlex
- W3204544948
- Cited by
- 441
- References
- 63
- FWCI
- 47.29
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: The Time Variation in Risk Appetite and Uncertainty. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1287/mnsc.2021.4068
- The paper
- Bekaert, G., Engstrom, E. C., & Xu, N. R. (2022). The Time Variation in Risk Appetite and Uncertainty. Management Science. https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2021.4068
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.