The DOI matches its Crossref record; 2 of the 2 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
An Empirical Analysis of the Product-Process Matrix
Abstract
Process choice, a major part of operations strategy, is a key decision that links operations to business strategy. Hayes and Wheelwright, among others, argue that the emphasis given to product customization and other competitive priorities should agree with process choice. Our empirical study investigates whether firms actually link their process choice to product customization and other competitive priorities as hypothesized, and whether compatible decision patterns lead to better performance. Analysis of data collected from managers at 144 U.S. manufacturing plants shows a strong correlation between process choice, product customization, and competitive priorities. Process choice is highly related with the degree of product customization, and also with the emphasis placed on the quality and cost competitive priorities. Job shops and batch shops tend to have more product customization, higher costs, and higher quality. Some continuous flow shops use part commonality and flexible automation to achieve more customization than would otherwise be expected. Without these initiatives, customization in continuous flow shops results in weak performance.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Competitive Strategy: Techniques for Analyzing Industries and Competitors
(1980) · Journal of Sustainable Competitive Intelligence · doi:10.24883/iberoamericanic.v2i2.38 · Cited by 16,592
Experimental Design: Procedures for the Behavioral Sciences
Kirk, R. (2013) · doi:10.4135/9781483384733 · Cited by 8,539
Cited by
Gattiker, T. F., & Goodhue, D. L. (2005) · MIS Quarterly · doi:10.2307/25148695 · Cited by 642
Pilkington, A., & Meredith, J. (2009) · Journal of Operations Management · doi:10.1016/j.jom.2008.08.001 · Cited by 537
Outsourcing congruence with competitive priorities: Impact on supply chain and firm performance
Kroes, J. R., & Ghosh, S. (2010) · Journal of Operations Management · doi:10.1016/j.jom.2009.09.004 · Cited by 323
Metadata
- Authors
- Safizadeh, M. H., Ritzman, L. P., Sharma, D., & Wood, C.
- Venue
- Management Science
- Published
- 1996-11
- Volume
- 42
- Issue
- 11
- Pages
- 1576-1591
- ISSN
- 0025-1909 (ISSN-L)
- 1526-5501
- OpenAlex
- W2155142628
- Cited by
- 285
- References
- 2
- FWCI
- 36.72
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: An Empirical Analysis of the Product-Process Matrix. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1287/mnsc.42.11.1576
- The paper
- Safizadeh, M. H., Ritzman, L. P., Sharma, D., & Wood, C. (1996). An Empirical Analysis of the Product-Process Matrix. Management Science. https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.42.11.1576
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
