Airborne concentrations of PM(2.5) and diesel exhaust particles on Harlem sidewalks: a community-based pilot study.
Open accessAbstract
Residents of the dense urban core neighborhoods of New York City (NYC) have expressed increasing concern about the potential human health impacts of diesel vehicle emissions. We measured concentrations of particulate matter [less than/equal to] 2.5 micro in aerodynamic diameter (PM(2.5)) and diesel exhaust particles (DEP) on sidewalks in Harlem, NYC, and tested whether spatial variations in concentrations were related to local diesel traffic density. Eight-hour (1000-1800 hr) air samples for PM(2.5 )and elemental carbon (EC) were collected for 5 days in July 1996 on sidewalks adjacent to four geographically distinct Harlem intersections. Samples were taken using portable monitors worn by study staff. Simultaneous traffic counts for diesel trucks, buses, cars, and pedestrians were carried out at each intersection on [Greater/equal to] 2 of the 5 sampling days. Eight-hour diesel vehicle counts ranged from 61 to 2,467 across the four sites. Mean concentrations of PM(2.5) exhibited only modest site-to-site variation (37-47 microg/m(3)), reflecting the importance of broader regional sources of PM(2.5). In contrast, EC concentrations varied 4-fold across sites (from 1.5 to 6 microg/m(3)), and were associated with bus and truck counts on adjacent streets and, at one site, with the presence of a bus depot. A high correlation (r = 0.95) was observed between EC concentrations measured analytically and a blackness measurement based on PM(2.5) filter reflectance, suggesting the utility of the latter as a surrogate measure of DEP in future community-based studies. These results show that local diesel sources in Harlem create spatial variations in sidewalk concentrations of DEP. The study also demonstrates the feasibility of a new paradigm for community-based research involving full and active partnership between academic scientists and community-based organizations.
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In a WEACT joint study, a correlation was demonstrated between high concentrations of particulate matter (≥2.5 μm) and diesel exhaust particles on Harlem sidewalks and local diesel traffic density.
“One joint study demonstrated a correlation between high concentrations of particulate matter ( ≥ 2.5 µm) and diesel exhaust particles on the sidewalks in Harlem in New York City and local diesel traffic density ( 29 ).”
From Community-based participatory research as a tool to advance environmental health sciences (2002) · cites this paper as [29]
The Results and Discussion (pp. 215–216) link sidewalk diesel-exhaust particle concentrations, measured using elemental carbon, to local diesel traffic and sources. They report that PM2.5 varied less across sites and was less associated with traffic; the paper also defines PM2.5 as particles ≤2.5 μm, not ≥2.5 μm. Thus the claim is supported for diesel-exhaust particles, but not for the stated particulate-matter size or its asserted correlation. (LLM, conf=0.90)
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- Authors
- Kinney, P. L., Aggarwal, M., Northridge, M. E., Janssen, N. A., & Shepard, P.
- Affiliations
- Columbia University (US)
- Venue
- Environmental Health Perspectives
- Publisher
- American Chemical Society (ACS)
- Published
- 2000-03-01
- Volume
- 108
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 213-218
- ISSN
- 0091-6765 (ISSN-L)
- 1552-9924
- PMC
- PMC1637978
- OpenAlex
- W2067737709
- Cited by
- 248
- References
- 37
- Citations by year
- 2025: 2 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 7 · 2021: 3 · 2020: 4 · 2019: 5 · 2018: 7 · 2017: 7 · 2016: 6 · 2015: 9 · 2014: 22 · 2013: 14 · 2012: 15
- FWCI
- 7.36
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- public-domain
- creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (vor, 6512 d)
- Locations
- Environmental Health Perspectives (publishedVersion, public-domain)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis › Air Quality and Health Impacts
- Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Atmospheric Science › Atmospheric chemistry and aerosols
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Environmental Justice and Health Disparities
- Keywords
- PM2.5, diesel exhaust particles, elemental carbon, diesel vehicle emissions, traffic density, community-based research
- MeSH terms
- Academic Medical Centers, Automobile Driving, Vehicle Emissions, Carbon, Community-Institutional Relations, Community Participation, Environmental Monitoring, Humans, New York City, Particle Size, Pilot Projects, Research, Time Factors, Urban Health, Models, Organizational
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