Cited by 347Air Quality and Health ImpactsAutism Spectrum Disorder ResearchEnvironmental Justice and Health Disparities

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Residential Proximity to Freeways and Autism in the CHARGE Study

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Volk, Heather E., Hertz-Picciotto, Irva, Delwiche, Lora, Lurmann, Fred, McConnell, Rob·2011·Environmental Health Perspectives

DOI 10.1289/ehp.1002835PMC PMC3114825

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Abstract

BACKGROUND: Little is known about environmental causes and contributing factors for autism. Basic science and epidemiologic research suggest that oxidative stress and inflammation may play a role in disease development. Traffic-related air pollution, a common exposure with established effects on these pathways, contains substances found to have adverse prenatal effects. OBJECTIVES: We examined the association between autism and proximity of residence to freeways and major roadways during pregnancy and near the time of delivery, as a surrogate for air pollution exposure. METHODS: Data were from 304 autism cases and 259 typically developing controls enrolled in the Childhood Autism Risks from Genetics and the Environment (CHARGE) study. The mother's address recorded on the birth certificate and trimester-specific addresses derived from a residential history obtained by questionnaire were geocoded, and measures of distance to freeways and major roads were calculated using ArcGIS software. Logistic regression models compared residential proximity to freeways and major roads for autism cases and typically developing controls. RESULTS: Adjusting for sociodemographic factors and maternal smoking, maternal residence at the time of delivery was more likely be near a freeway (≤ 309 m) for cases than for controls [odds ratio (OR)=1.86; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.04-3.45]. Autism was also associated with residential proximity to a freeway during the third trimester (OR=2.22; CI, 1.16-4.42). After adjustment for socioeconomic and sociodemographic characteristics, these associations were unchanged. Living near other major roads at birth was not associated with autism. CONCLUSIONS: Living near a freeway was associated with autism. Examination of associations with measured air pollutants is needed.

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Authors: Volk, H. E., Hertz-Picciotto, I., Delwiche, L., Lurmann, F., & McConnell, R.
Affiliations: University of Southern California (US)
Department of Public Health Sciences, University of California–Davis, Davis, California, USA
University of California, Davis (US)
Sonoma Technology (United States) (US)
Corresponding author: Volk, Heather E.
ORCID: Volk, Heather E.
Lurmann, Fred
McConnell, Rob
Venue: Environmental Health Perspectives
Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Published: 2010-12-16
Volume: 119
Issue: 6
Pages: 873-877
ISSN: 0091-6765 (ISSN-L)
1552-9924
DOI: 10.1289/ehp.1002835
PMC: PMC3114825
OpenAlex: W2000262719
Cited by: 347
References: 71
Citations by year: 2026: 2 · 2025: 13 · 2024: 16 · 2023: 15 · 2022: 16 · 2021: 15 · 2020: 29 · 2019: 23 · 2018: 23 · 2017: 38 · 2016: 34 · 2015: 33 · 2014: 31 · 2013: 27 · 2012: 29
FWCI: 14.38
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: gold
doi.org
Licence: public-domain
creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (vor, 2570 d)
Locations: Environmental Health Perspectives (publishedVersion, public-domain)
PubMed Central (publishedVersion, public-domain)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders: Autism Speaks
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (R-833292, 833292, RD831861)
U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs (RD831861)
National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (R21ES019002, ES019002, L40 ES020599, ES015359, ES013578, R01ES015359, ES007048, ES009581, P01ES011269, ES11269, P01ES009581, P30ES007048)
Topics: Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis › Air Quality and Health Impacts
Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Autism Spectrum Disorder Research
Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Environmental Justice and Health Disparities
Keywords: autism spectrum disorder, traffic-related air pollution, prenatal exposure, third trimester, childhood autism, environmental risk factors, oxidative stress, inflammation
MeSH terms: Air Pollutants, Autistic Disorder, Vehicle Emissions, California, Child, Preschool, Environmental Exposure, Female, Humans, Male, Pregnancy, Residence Characteristics, Urban Health, Logistic Models, Odds Ratio, Case-Control Studies, Geographic Information Systems

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