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In utero pesticide exposure, maternal paraoxonase activity, and head circumference.

Open access
Berkowitz, Gertrud S, Wetmur, James G, Birman-Deych, Elena, Obel, Josephine, Lapinski, Robert H, Godbold, James H, Holzman, Ian R, Wolff, Mary S·2004·Environmental Health Perspectives

Abstract

Although the use of pesticides in inner-city homes of the United States is of considerable magnitude, little is known about the potentially adverse health effects of such exposure. Recent animal data suggest that exposure to pesticides during pregnancy and early life may impair growth and neurodevelopment in the offspring. To investigate the relationship among prenatal pesticide exposure, paraoxonase (PON1) polymorphisms and enzyme activity, and infant growth and neurodevelopment, we are conducting a prospective, multiethnic cohort study of mothers and infants delivered at Mount Sinai Hospital in New York City. In this report we evaluate the effects of pesticide exposure on birth weight, length, head circumference, and gestational age among 404 births between May 1998 and May 2002. Pesticide exposure was assessed by a prenatal questionnaire administered to the mothers during the early third trimester as well as by analysis of maternal urinary pentachlorophenol levels and maternal metabolites of chlorpyrifos and pyrethroids. Neither the questionnaire data nor the pesticide metabolite levels were associated with any of the fetal growth indices or gestational age. However, when the level of maternal PON1 activity was taken into account, maternal levels of chlorpyrifos above the limit of detection coupled with low maternal PON1 activity were associated with a significant but small reduction in head circumference. In addition, maternal PON1 levels alone, but not PON1 genetic polymorphisms, were associated with reduced head size. Because small head size has been found to be predictive of subsequent cognitive ability, these data suggest that chlorpyrifos may have a detrimental effect on fetal neurodevelopment among mothers who exhibit low PON1 activity.

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Metadata

Authors
Berkowitz, G. S., Wetmur, J. G., Birman-Deych, E., Obel, J., Lapinski, R. H., Godbold, J. H., Holzman, I. R., & Wolff, M. S.
Venue
Environmental Health Perspectives
Published
2004-03
Volume
112
Issue
3
Pages
388-391
ISSN
  • 0091-6765 (ISSN-L)
  • 1552-9924
OpenAlex
W2004180568
Cited by
340
References
32
FWCI
26.77
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
gold

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CoChat. (2026). Citation check: In utero pesticide exposure, maternal paraoxonase activity, and head circumference. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1289/ehp.6414
The paper
Berkowitz, G. S., Wetmur, J. G., Birman-Deych, E., Obel, J., Lapinski, R. H., Godbold, J. H., Holzman, I. R., & Wolff, M. S. (2004). In utero pesticide exposure, maternal paraoxonase activity, and head circumference. Environmental Health Perspectives. https://doi.org/10.1289/ehp.6414

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Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).

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