The DOI matches its Crossref record; 33 of the 33 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Assessing Household Solid Fuel Use: Multiple Implications for the Millennium Development Goals
Open accessAbstract
OBJECTIVE: The World Health Organization is the agency responsible for reporting the Millennium Development Goal (MDG) indicator "percentage of population using solid fuels." In this article, we present the results of a comprehensive assessment of solid fuel use, conducted in 2005, and discuss the implications of our findings in the context of achieving the MDGs. METHODS: For 93 countries, solid fuel use data were compiled from recent national censuses or household surveys. For the 36 countries where no data were available, the indicator was modeled. For 52 upper-middle or high-income countries, the indicator was assumed to be < 5%. RESULTS: According to our assessment, 52% of the world's population uses solid fuels. This percentage varies widely between countries and regions, ranging from 77%, 74%, and 74% in Sub-Saharan Africa, Southeast Asia, and the Western Pacific Region, respectively, to 36% in the Eastern Mediterranean Region, 16% in Latin America and the Caribbean and in Central and Eastern Europe. In most industrialized countries, solid fuel use falls to the < 5% mark. DISCUSSION: Although the "percentage of population using solid fuels" is classified as an indicator to measure progress towards MDG 7, reliance on traditional household energy practices has distinct implications for most of the MDGs, notably MDGs 4 and 5. There is an urgent need for development agendas to recognize the fundamental role that household energy plays in improving child and maternal health and fostering economic and social development.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Thring, M. W. (1977) · Electronics and Power · doi:10.1049/ep.1977.0180 · Cited by 7,338
Stowman, K. (1949) · The Milbank Memorial Fund Quarterly · doi:10.2307/3348165 · Cited by 2,096
United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees
(2017) · Shaping the Culture of Peace in a Multilateral World · doi:10.4324/9781315129310-7 · Cited by 1,685
Indoor air pollution in developing countries: a major environmental and public health challenge.
Bruce, N., Pérez‐Padilla, R., & Albalak, R. (2000) · Europe PMC (PubMed Central) · Cited by 1,589
Indoor air pollution in developing countries and acute lower respiratory infections in children
Smith, K. R. (2000) · Thorax · doi:10.1136/thorax.55.6.518 · Cited by 947
Lung cancer among women in north-east China
Wu-Williams, A., Dai, X., Blot, W., Xu, Z., Sun, X., Xiao, H., Stone, B., Yu, S., Feng, Y., & Ershow, A. (1990) · British Journal of Cancer · doi:10.1038/bjc.1990.421 · Cited by 319
Ezzati, M., & Kammen, D. M. (2001) · Environmental Health Perspectives · doi:10.1289/ehp.01109481 · Cited by 316
Greenhouse Implications of Household Stoves: An Analysis for India
Smith, K. R., Uma, R., Kishore, V. V. N., Zhang, J., Joshi, V., & Khalil, M. A. K. (2000) · Annual Review of Energy and the Environment · doi:10.1146/annurev.energy.25.1.741 · Cited by 311
Birth weight and exposure to kitchen wood smoke during pregnancy in rural Guatemala.
Boy, E., Bruce, N., & Delgado, H. (2002) · Environmental Health Perspectives · doi:10.1289/ehp.02110109 · Cited by 297
Exposure to biomass smoke and chronic airway disease in Mexican women. A case-control study.
Pérez-Padilla, R., Regalado, J., Vedal, S., Paré, P., Chapela, R., Sansores, R., & Selman, M. (1996) · American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine · doi:10.1164/ajrccm.154.3.8810608 · Cited by 285
Cited by
Solid Fuel Use for Household Cooking: Country and Regional Estimates for 1980–2010
Bonjour, S., Adair-Rohani, H., Wolf, J., Bruce, N. G., Mehta, S., Prüss-Ustün, A., Lahiff, M., Rehfuess, E. A., Mishra, V., & Smith, K. R. (2013) · Environmental Health Perspectives · doi:10.1289/ehp.1205987 · Cited by 899
Self-citationWho Adopts Improved Fuels and Cookstoves? A Systematic Review
Lewis, J. J., & Pattanayak, S. K. (2012) · Environmental Health Perspectives · doi:10.1289/ehp.1104194 · Cited by 580
Lung Cancer in Never Smokers: Clinical Epidemiology and Environmental Risk Factors
Samet, J. M., Avila-Tang, E., Boffetta, P., Hannan, L. M., Olivo-Marston, S., Thun, M. J., & Rudin, C. M. (2009) · Clinical Cancer Research · doi:10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-09-0376 · Cited by 566
Biomass Fuels and Respiratory Diseases: A Review of the Evidence
Torres-Duque, C., Maldonado, D., Pérez-Padilla, R., Ezzati, M., & Viegi, G. (2008) · Proceedings of the American Thoracic Society · doi:10.1513/pats.200707-100rp · Cited by 489
Pope, D. P., Mishra, V., Thompson, L., Siddiqui, A. R., Rehfuess, E. A., Weber, M., & Bruce, N. G. (2010) · Epidemiologic Reviews · doi:10.1093/epirev/mxq005 · Cited by 388
Self-citation
Metadata
- Authors
- Rehfuess, E., Mehta, S., & Prüss-Üstün, A.
- Venue
- Environmental Health Perspectives
- Publisher
- American Chemical Society (ACS)
- Published
- 2006-03
- Volume
- 114
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 373-378
- ISSN
- 0091-6765 (ISSN-L)
- 1552-9924
- OpenAlex
- W2044963255
- Cited by
- 329
- References
- 33
- FWCI
- 11.62
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Assessing Household Solid Fuel Use: Multiple Implications for the Millennium Development Goals. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1289/ehp.8603
- The paper
- Rehfuess, E., Mehta, S., & Prüss-Üstün, A. (2006). Assessing Household Solid Fuel Use: Multiple Implications for the Millennium Development Goals. Environmental Health Perspectives. https://doi.org/10.1289/ehp.8603
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.