The DOI matches its Crossref record; 15 of the 15 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Isolated and Dynamical Horizons and Their Applications
Open accessAbstract
Over the past three decades, black holes have played an important role in quantum gravity, mathematical physics, numerical relativity and gravitational wave phenomenology. However, conceptual settings and mathematical models used to discuss them have varied considerably from one area to another. Over the last five years a new, quasi-local framework was introduced to analyze diverse facets of black holes in a unified manner. In this framework, evolving black holes are modelled by dynamical horizons and black holes in equilibrium by isolated horizons . We review basic properties of these horizons and summarize applications to mathematical physics, numerical relativity, and quantum gravity. This paradigm has led to significant generalizations of several results in black hole physics. Specifically, it has introduced a more physical setting for black hole thermodynamics and for black hole entropy calculations in quantum gravity, suggested a phenomenological model for hairy black holes, provided novel techniques to extract physics from numerical simulations, and led to new laws governing the dynamics of black holes in exact general relativity.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Particle creation by black holes
Hawking, S. W. (1975) · Communications In Mathematical Physics · doi:10.1007/bf02345020 · Cited by 13,106 · cited 1×
“Hawking’s celebrated calculation of black hole evaporation [94] provided the precise numerical coefficient.”
BackgroundThe Large Scale Structure of Space-Time
Hawking, S. W., & Ellis, G. F. R. (1973) · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511524646 · Cited by 10,624
The four laws of black hole mechanics
Bardeen, J. M., Carter, B., & Hawking, S. W. (1973) · Communications in Mathematical Physics · doi:10.1007/bf01645742 · Cited by 3,932
Gravitational waves in general relativity, VII. Waves from axi-symmetric isolated system
Bondi, H., Van der Burg, M. G. J., & Metzner, A. W. K. (1962) · Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series A. Mathematical and Physical Sciences · doi:10.1098/rspa.1962.0161 · Cited by 2,426
Republication of: The dynamics of general relativity
Arnowitt, R., Deser, S., & Misner, C. W. (2008) · General Relativity and Gravitation · doi:10.1007/s10714-008-0661-1 · Cited by 2,284
A new proof of the positive energy theorem
Witten, E. (1981) · Communications in Mathematical Physics · doi:10.1007/bf01208277 · Cited by 1,595
Black holes in general relativity
Hawking, S. W. (1972) · Communications in Mathematical Physics · doi:10.1007/bf01877517 · Cited by 1,561
Universality and scaling in gravitational collapse of a massless scalar field
Choptuik, M. W. (1993) · Physical Review Letters · doi:10.1103/physrevlett.70.9 · Cited by 1,439
Quantum geometry and black hole entropy
Ashtekar, A., Baez, J., Corichi, A., & Krasnov, K. (1998) · Physical Review Letters · doi:10.1103/physrevlett.80.904 · Cited by 1,105
Self-citationBlack-hole entropy in loop quantum gravity
Meissner, K. A. (2004) · Classical and Quantum Gravity · doi:10.1088/0264-9381/21/22/015 · Cited by 720 · cited 1×
“For example if, as in the early treatments [145, 33, 138, 139, 113, 114] one ignores the horizon boundary conditions and the resulting Chern-Simons term in the symplectic structure, one would find that S∆ is proportional to √ ao.”
Background
Cited by
A Covariant Holographic Entanglement Entropy Proposal
Hubeny, V. E., Rangamani, M., & Takayanagi, T. (2007) · arXiv · doi:10.48550/arxiv.0705.0016 · Cited by 1,822
“A dynamical horizon is defined to be a smooth, co-dimension one spacelike submanifold of the spacetime, which can be foliated by a family of closed spacelike surfaces, such that the leaves of the foliation have one null expansion vanishing and the other null expansion being strictly negative [55, 47] as in (6.”
ResultA covariant holographic entanglement entropy proposal
Hubeny, V. E., Rangamani, M., & Takayanagi, T. (2007) · Journal of High Energy Physics · doi:10.1088/1126-6708/2007/07/062 · Cited by 1,822
“A dynamical horizon is defined to be a smooth, co-dimension one spacelike submanifold of the spacetime, which can be foliated by a family of closed spacelike surfaces, such that the leaves of the foliation have one null expansion vanishing and the other null expansion being strictly negative [55, 47] as in (6.”
ResultEvolution of Binary Black-Hole Spacetimes
Pretorius, F. (2005) · Physical Review Letters · doi:10.1103/physrevlett.95.121101 · Cited by 1,504
The Spin-Foam Approach to Quantum Gravity
Perez, A. (2013) · Living Reviews in Relativity · doi:10.12942/lrr-2013-3 · Cited by 677
Coalescence of Black Hole-Neutron Star Binaries
Shibata, M., & Taniguchi, K. (2011) · Living Reviews in Relativity · doi:10.12942/lrr-2011-6 · Cited by 440
Metadata
- Authors
- Ashtekar, A., & Krishnan, B.
- Venue
- Living Reviews in Relativity
- Published
- 2004-12
- Volume
- 7
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 10-10
- ISSN
- 1433-8351 (ISSN-L)
- 2367-3613
- OpenAlex
- W2160511150
- Cited by
- 826
- References
- 15
- FWCI
- 14.80
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- diamond
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Isolated and Dynamical Horizons and Their Applications. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.12942/lrr-2004-10
- The paper
- Ashtekar, A., & Krishnan, B. (2004). Isolated and Dynamical Horizons and Their Applications. Living Reviews in Relativity. https://doi.org/10.12942/lrr-2004-10
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.