The DOI matches its Crossref record; 5 of the 5 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Citizen Empowerment: A Developmental Perspective
Abstract
Since the late 1970s, the notion of empowerment has appeared with increasing frequency in discussion of preventive social and community intervention. While the idea of empowerment is intuitively appealing both for theory and practice, its applicability has been limited by continuing conceptual ambiguity. Based on a small ?G study of emerging citizen leaders in grassroots organizations, this article proposes a view of empowerment as a necessarily long-term process of adult learning and development. In this framework, empowerment is further described as the continuing construction of a multi-dimensional participatory competence. This conception encompasses both cognitive and behavioral change. Implications for practice are also addressed.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Generalized expectancies for internal versus external control of reinforcement.
Rotter, J. B. (1966) · Psychological Monographs: General and Applied · doi:10.1037/h0092976 · Cited by 21,937
Learned helplessness in humans: Critique and reformulation.
Abramson, L. Y., Seligman, M. E., & Teasdale, J. D. (1978) · Journal of Abnormal Psychology · doi:10.1037//0021-843x.87.1.49 · Cited by 7,121
Participation and Democratic Theory
Pateman, C. (1970) · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511720444 · Cited by 6,159
Motivation reconsidered: The concept of competence.
White, R. W. (1959) · Psychological Review · doi:10.1037/h0040934 · Cited by 5,681
Learned helplessness: Theory and evidence
Maier, S. F., & Seligman, M. E. (1976) · Journal of Experimental Psychology: General · doi:10.1037/0096-3445.105.1.3 · Cited by 2,494
Cited by
Psychological empowerment: Issues and illustrations
Zimmerman, M. A. (1995) · American Journal of Community Psychology · doi:10.1007/bf02506983 · Cited by 2,317
Israel, B. A., Checkoway, B., Schulz, A., & Zimmerman, M. (1994) · Health Education Quarterly · doi:10.1177/109019819402100203 · Cited by 788
The role of power in wellness, oppression, and liberation: the promise of psychopolitical validity
Prilleltensky, I. (2008) · Journal of Community Psychology · doi:10.1002/jcop.20225 · Cited by 486
Organizational characteristics of empowering community settings: A multiple case study approach
Maton, K. I., & Salem, D. A. (1995) · American Journal of Community Psychology · doi:10.1007/bf02506985 · Cited by 414
Psychometric analysis of the family empowerment scale
Singh, N. N., Curtis, W. J., Ellis, C. R., Nicholson, M. W., Villani, T. M., & Wechsler, H. A. (1995) · Journal of Emotional and Behavioral Disorders · doi:10.1177/106342669500300203 · Cited by 162
Metadata
- Authors
- Kieffer, C. H.
- Venue
- Prevention in Human Services
- Publisher
- Informa UK Limited
- Published
- 1984-05-07
- Volume
- 3
- Issue
- 2-3
- Pages
- 9-36
- ISSN
- 0270-3114 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W4297691839
- Cited by
- 458
- References
- 5
- FWCI
- 1.61
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Citizen Empowerment: A Developmental Perspective. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1300/j293v03n02_03
- The paper
- Kieffer, C. H. (1984). Citizen Empowerment: A Developmental Perspective. Prevention in Human Services. https://doi.org/10.1300/j293v03n02_03
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.