To operate or not to operate, that is the question: The proximal humerus fracture

Interventions for treating proximal humeral fractures in adults

Handoll, H. H., & Brorson, S. (2015) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/14651858.cd000434.pub4 · Cited by 604

Surgical vs Nonsurgical Treatment of Adults With Displaced Fractures of the Proximal Humerus: The PROFHER Randomized Clinical Trial

Rangan, A., Handoll, H., Brealey, S., Jefferson, L., Keding, A., Martin, B. C., Goodchild, L., Chuang, L.-H., Hewitt, C., & Torgerson, D. (2015) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.2015.1629 · Cited by 556

Operativevsnon-operative management of displaced proximal humeral fractures in the elderly: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

Rabi, S. (2015) · World Journal of Orthopedics · doi:10.5312/wjo.v6.i10.838 · Cited by 51

Trials based on specific fracture configuration and surgical procedures likely to be more relevant for decision making in the management of fractures of the proximal humerus

Sabharwal, S., Patel, N. K., Griffiths, D., Athanasiou, T., Gupte, C. M., & Reilly, P. (2016) · Bone and Joint Research · doi:10.1302/2046-3758.510.2000638 · Cited by 45

Operative versus non-operative treatment in complex proximal humeral fractures: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

Xie, L., Ding, F., Zhao, Z., Chen, Y., & Xing, D. (2015) · SpringerPlus · doi:10.1186/s40064-015-1522-5 · Cited by 41

Cost effectiveness of surgical versus non-surgical treatment of adults with displaced fractures of the proximal humerus

Corbacho, B., Duarte, A., Keding, A., Handoll, H. H., Chuang, L., Torgerson, D. J., Brealey, S., Jefferson, L., Hewitt, C. E., & Rangan, A. (2016) · The Bone & Joint Journal · doi:10.1302/0301-620x.98b2.36614 · Cited by 40

Operative vs nonoperative treatment for comminuted proximal humeral fractures in elderly patients: a current metaanalysis

Song, J., Deng, X.-F., Wang, Y., Wang, X.-B., Li, X., & Yu, B. (2015) · Acta Orthopaedica et Traumatologica Turcica · doi:10.3944/aott.2015.14.0451 · Cited by 28

A review of current surgical practice in the operative treatment of proximal humeral fractures: Does the PROFHER trial demonstrate a need for change?

Dean, B. J. F., Jones, L. D., Palmer, A. J. R., Macnair, R. D., Brewer, P. E., Jayadev, C., Wheelton, A. N., Ball, D. E. J., Nandra, R. S., Aujla, R. S., et al. (2016) · Bone & Joint Research · doi:10.1302/2046-3758.55.2000596 · Cited by 24

Defining the fracture population in a pragmatic multicentre randomised controlled trial

Handoll, H. H., Brealey, S., Jefferson, L., Keding, A., Brooksbank, A. J., Johnstone, A. J., Candal-Couto, J. J., & Rangan, A. (2016) · Bone and Joint Research · doi:10.1302/2046-3758.510.bjr-2016-0132.r1 · Cited by 22

Cost analysis of the surgical treatment of fractures of the proximal humerus

Sabharwal, S., Carter, A. W., Rashid, A., Darzi, A. W., Reilly, P., & Gupte, C. M. (2016) · The Bone & Joint Journal · doi:10.1302/0301-620x.98b2.36255 · Cited by 19

Nationwide trends in management of proximal humeral fractures: an analysis of 77,966 cases from 2008 to 2017

McLean, A., Price, N., Graves, S. E., Hatton, A., & Taylor, F. J. (2019) · Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery · doi:10.1016/j.jse.2019.03.034 · Cited by 117

Geographic variation in the treatment of proximal humerus fracture: an update on surgery rates and treatment consensus

Floyd, S. B., Campbell, J., Chapman, C. G., Thigpen, C. A., Kissenberth, M. J., & Brooks, J. M. (2019) · Journal of Orthopaedic Surgery and Research · doi:10.1186/s13018-018-1052-2 · Cited by 39

Primary Versus Salvage Reverse Total Shoulder Arthroplasty for Displaced Proximal Humerus Fractures in the Elderly: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

Nelson, P. A., Kwan, C. C., Tjong, V. K., Terry, M. A., & Sheth, U. (2020) · Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Arthroplasty · doi:10.1177/2471549220949731 · Cited by 37

Surgical treatment is not superior to nonoperative treatment for displaced proximal humerus fractures: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Hohmann, E., Keough, N., Glatt, V., & Tetsworth, K. D. (2023) · Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery · doi:10.1016/j.jse.2023.01.002 · Cited by 24

Indications and results of osteosynthesis for proximal humerus fragility fractures in elderly patients

Murena, L., Canton, G., Ratti, C., Hoxhaj, B., Giraldi, G., Surace, M. F., & Grassi, F. A. (2020) · Orthopedic Reviews · doi:10.4081/or.2020.8559 · Cited by 23

Surgical trial design – learning curve and surgeon volume

Simpson, H., HOWIE, C. R., & Norrie, J. D. (2017) · Bone and Joint Research · doi:10.1302/2046-3758.64.bjr-2017-0051 · Cited by 22

Fractures and the increased risk of suicide

Cf, C., Lai, E. C., & Yeh, M.-K. (2018) · The Bone & Joint Journal · doi:10.1302/0301-620x.100b6.bjj-2017-1183.r2 · Cited by 19

Quotation errors related to the Proximal Fracture of the Humerus Evaluation by Randomization (ProFHER) study

Bagga, R., Cay, P., Ricketts, D., Roper, T., & Phadnis, J. (2021) · Shoulder & Elbow · doi:10.1177/1758573220950235 · Cited by 12

Technical Tips for Reduction and Stable Fixation of Proximal Humerus Fractures

Brodke, D. J., Gurbani, A., & Lee, C. (2023) · Journal of the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons · doi:10.5435/jaaos-d-22-01211 · Cited by 9

Non-operative versus reverse shoulder arthroplasty for the treatment of 3- or 4-part proximal humeral fractures: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Lu, V., Shah, H., Alshaber, Z., Limonard, A., & Dömös, P. (2025) · Journal of Clinical Orthopaedics and Trauma · doi:10.1016/j.jcot.2025.102982 · Cited by 8

Assessing the ability of an instrumental variable causal forest algorithm to personalize treatment evidence using observational data: the case of early surgery for shoulder fracture

Brooks, J. M., Chapman, C. G., Floyd, S. B., Chen, B., Thigpen, C. A., & Kissenberth, M. J. (2022) · BMC Medical Research Methodology · doi:10.1186/s12874-022-01663-0 · Cited by 6

Proximal humeral fractures in patients over 60 years old: a randomized study of nonoperative versus operative treatment with locking plate

Gracitelli, M. E. C., Silva, F. B. D. A. E., Zanesco, L., Assunção, J. H., Kojima, K. E., Silva, J. D. S., Neto, A. A. F., & Malavolta, E. A. (2025) · Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery · doi:10.1016/j.jse.2024.12.036 · Cited by 4

Contemporary Management of Proximal Humeral Fractures

Stockwell, E., Ahmed, A. S., & Mir, H. R. (2025) · Journal of the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons · doi:10.5435/jaaos-d-24-01073 · Cited by 2

Impact of PROFHER on trends in proximal humerus fracture treatment in the United States

Cheesman, J. S., Englert, C. H., Yang, Q., Yoo, J. U., Nazir, O. F., & Mirarchi, A. J. (2025) · Shoulder & Elbow · doi:10.1177/17585732251359178 · Cited by 1

The Impact of Reduction on Survivorship and Outcomes Following Locked Plate Fixation of Proximal Humerus Fractures

Bornes, T. D., Klinger, C. E., Kubik, J. F., Barth, K. A., van der List, J. P., Stevens, T. T., Jain, K., Drukker, Z. P., Wellman, D. S., Lorich, D. G., et al. (2025) · Journal of Orthopaedic Trauma · doi:10.1097/bot.0000000000003090 · Cited by 1

Quality assessment of prospective cohort and randomized controlled trials evaluating surgical treatment of proximal humerus fractures: a systematic review

Panarello, N. M., Murphy, T. P., Tropf, J. G., Shohfi, E. E., Clark, D. M., & Hoyt, B. W. (2025) · European Journal of Orthopaedic Surgery & Traumatology · doi:10.1007/s00590-025-04371-9

Additional file 1 of Assessing the ability of an instrumental variable causal forest algorithm to personalize treatment evidence using observational data: the case of early surgery for shoulder fracture

Brooks, J. M., Chapman, C. G., Floyd, S. B., Chen, B. K., Thigpen, C. A., & Kissenberth, M. J. (2022) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.20291112

Enhancing our Understanding of Outcomes and Determinants of Outcomes Following Proximal Humerus Fractures in Adults

Nowak, L. L. (2020) · TSpace (University of Toronto)

Immediate reverse shoulder arthroplasty demonstrates better outcomes than salvage reverse shoulder arthroplasty for proximal humerus fractures in the elderly: a meta-analysis

Du, X., Han, R., & Li, H. (2026) · Journal of Orthopaedic Surgery and Research · doi:10.1186/s13018-026-06805-4

Displaced diaphyseal femur fractures managed by elastic stable intramedullary nailing with or without the use of intraoperative traction during nail insertion: comparative analysis of 69 patients

Andreacchio, A., Alberghina, F., Cravino, M., & Canavese, F. (2021) · CINECA IRIS Institutial Research Information System (University of Genoa)

Undisplaced femoral neck fracture: To operate or not to operate?

Raaymakers, E. L. F. B., Strömqvist, B., Nilsson, L. T., & Thorngren, K. (1993) · Acta Orthopaedica Scandinavica · doi:10.3109/17453679308994579 · Cited by 5

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Blanco, M. F., & Fv, G. (1976) · PubMed