The DOI matches its Crossref record.
The Scapegoat
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cited by
Secondhandedness: Consumption, Disposal, and Absent Presence
Hetherington, K. (2004) · Environment and Planning D: Society and Space · doi:10.1068/d315t · Cited by 548
Free the Victim: A Critique of the Western Conception of Victimhood
Van Dijk, J. (2009) · International Review of Victimology · doi:10.1177/026975800901600101 · Cited by 194
Purity, Sacrifice, and the Temple: Symbolism and Supersessionism in the Study of Ancient Judaism
Klawans, J. (2005) · Oxford University Press · doi:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195162639.001.0001 · Cited by 47
O’Higgins Norman, J. (2020) · International Journal of Bullying Prevention · doi:10.1007/s42380-020-00076-1 · Cited by 47
The Role of Fear in Indian Religious Thought With Special Reference to Buddhism
Brekke, T. (1999) · Journal of Indian Philosophy · doi:10.1023/a:1004340028561 · Cited by 12
Metadata
- Authors
- Girard, R.
- Venue
- Johns Hopkins University Press eBooks
- Publisher
- Johns Hopkins University Press
- Published
- 1989
- OpenAlex
- W4206138822
- Cited by
- 572
- References
- 0
- FWCI
- 8.29
- Type
- book
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: The Scapegoat. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1353/book.98235
- The paper
- Girard, R. (1989). The Scapegoat. Johns Hopkins University Press eBooks. https://doi.org/10.1353/book.98235
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
