The DOI matches its Crossref record; 1 of the 1 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
The Powers of Testosterone: Obscuring Race and Regional Bias in the Regulation of Women Athletes
Open accessAbstract
Leseprobe-----AbstractUsing strategies from critical race studies and feminist studies of science, medicine, and the body, we examine the covert operation of race and region in a regulation restricting the natural levels of testosterone in women athletes. Sport organizations claim the rule promotes fair competition and benefits the health of women athletes. Intersectional and postcolonial analyses have shown that "gender challenges" of specific women athletes engage racialized judgments about sex atypicality that emerged in the context of Western colonialism and are at the heart of Western modernity. Here, we introduce the concept of "T talk" to refer to the web of direct claims and indirect associations that circulate around testosterone as a material substance and a multivalent cultural symbol. In the case we discuss, T talk naturalizes the idea of sport as a masculine domain while deflecting attention from the racial politics of intrasex competition. Using regulation documents, scientific publications, media coverage, in-depth interviews, and sport officials’ public presentations, we show how this supposedly neutral and scientific regulation targets women of color from the Global South. Contrary to claims that the rule is beneficent, both racialization and medically-authorized harms are inherent to the regulation.Keywords: health, hyperandrogenism, racialization, sex and gender, science, sport, T talk, violence-----Die Macht des Testosterons: Wie die Regulierung weiblicher…
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Semenya naturally produces high levels of testosterone, and this led sports administrators, media outlets, and other athletes to accuse her of having an unfair advantage.
“Semenya naturally produces high levels of testosterone, and this led sports administrators, media outlets, and other athletes to accuse her of having an unfair advantage.”
From Gender Policing in Girls’ and Women’s Sports (2023) · cites this paper as Karkazis and Jordan-Young 2018
Studies in sport science have shown that testosterone levels are not determinative of athletic ability: T levels cannot predict athletic performance; better-performing athletes do not have higher T levels (baseline or pre-competition); individual variability in response to T is enormous.
“studies in sport science have shown that testosterone levels are not determinative of athletic ability: 'T levels cannot predict athletic performance; better-performing athletes do not have higher T levels (baseline or pre-competition); individual variability in response to T is enormous'”
From Gender Policing in Girls’ and Women’s Sports (2023) · cites this paper as Karkazis and Jordan-Young 2018
Karkazis and Jordan-Young call the focus on testosterone 'T talk' and argue that T talk reinforces the myth that testosterone makes men athletically superior to women, despite the fact that millions of men have vastly more testosterone than elite sportswomen yet are not as fast or as strong as those women.
“Karkazis and Jordan-Young call the focus on testosterone 'T talk' and argue that T talk reinforces the myth that testosterone makes men athletically superior to women, despite the fact that millions of men have vastly more testosterone than elite sportswomen yet are not as fast or as strong as those women”
From Gender Policing in Girls’ and Women’s Sports (2023) · cites this paper as Karkazis and Jordan-Young 2018
Observers have attributed Semenya's athleticism to a single molecule-testosterone-as though it alone earned her gold, undermining her skill, preparation, and achievement.
“Observers have attributed her athleticism to a single molecule-testosterone-as though it alone earned her gold, undermining at once her skill, preparation, and achievement”
From Gender Policing in Girls’ and Women’s Sports (2023) · cites this paper as Karkazis and Jordan-Young 2018
The focus on testosterone comes from both the IAAF's and the IOC's assertion that high testosterone is a male trait and is the main reason that men generally outperform women in tests of strength or speed.
“the focus on testosterone comes from both the IAAF's and the IOC's assertion that high testosterone is a male trait and is the main reason that men generally outperform women in tests of strength or speed”
From Gender Policing in Girls’ and Women’s Sports (2023) · cites this paper as Karkazis and Jordan-Young 2018
These organizations argue that a sportswoman with high testosterone (whom they call 'hyperandrogenic') must reduce her testosterone via surgery or drugs or forego competition.
“These organizations argue that a sportswoman with high testosterone (whom they call 'hyperandrogenic') must reduce her testosterone via surgery or drugs or forego competition.”
From Gender Policing in Girls’ and Women’s Sports (2023) · cites this paper as Karkazis and Jordan-Young 2018
Citations
Cites
Black Feminist Thought: Knowledge, Consciousness, and the Politics of Empowerment.
Brewer, R. M., & Collins, P. H. (1992) · Contemporary Sociology · doi:10.2307/2074808 · Cited by 19,445
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Gender Policing in Girls’ and Women’s Sports
Blazer, A. (2023) · Religions · doi:10.3390/rel14081054 · Cited by 7
Metadata
- Authors
- Karkazis, K., & Jordan-Young, R. M.
- ORCID
- Karkazis, Katrina
- Venue
- Feminist Formations
- Publisher
- Project MUSE
- Published
- 2018
- Volume
- 30
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 1-39
- ISSN
- 1040-0656 (ISSN-L)
- 2151-7371
- OpenAlex
- W2890823918
- Cited by
- 139
- References
- 1
- Citations by year
- 2026: 15 · 2025: 12 · 2024: 41 · 2023: 15 · 2022: 14 · 2021: 13 · 2020: 13 · 2019: 12 · 2018: 4
- FWCI
- 19.59
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- diamond
- budrich-journals.de
- Locations
- NWSA Journal (publishedVersion)
- Freiburger Geschlechterstudien/Freiburger Zeitschrift für Geschlechterstudien (publishedVersion)
- Project Muse (Johns Hopkins University) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Gender Studies › Sports, Gender, and Society
- Social Sciences › Gender Studies › Gender and Feminist Studies
- Social Sciences › Gender Studies › Feminist Theory and Gender Studies
- Keywords
- testosterone regulation, female athletes, sex testing, gender and sport, race, women of color, Global South, critical race studies, masculinity in sport, Western colonialism, anti-doping policy, intersectionality, postcolonial analysis
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
