The DOI matches its Crossref record; 53 of the 55 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
The Power of Belief: Spanish Teachers’ Sense of Efficacy and Student Performance on the National Spanish Examinations
Abstract
In this study, the researcher investigated Spanish teachers’ sense of efficacy as it relates to their students’ achievement on the AATSP National Spanish Examinations. Results suggest that there is a link between Spanish teacher efficacy and students’ scores on the exams. That is, the higher one’s belief about his or her abilities to teach Spanish, the higher the students’ scores on the exams. Teacher efficacy also was found to be related to participants’ future vocational plans: whether they remain teaching or leave the profession. This research has implications for teacher preparation and professional development highlighting the importance of building a strong sense of efficacy in teaching Spanish.
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“Only one of them (Swanson, 2014) even mentions limitations, specifically sample size and the self-report nature of the data.”
From Language Teachers’ Self-efficacy Beliefs: A Review of the Literature (2005-2016) (2018) · cites this paper as Swanson, 2014
In the citing paper
“Swanson (2014), for example, found that the teachers of Spanish who were most efficacious in using their linguistic knowledge for purposes such as motivating students (self-rating in the top quartile) had students who achieved much better exam results than those teachers who self-rated in the bottom quartile.”
From Language Teachers’ Self-efficacy Beliefs: A Review of the Literature (2005-2016) (2018) · cites this paper as Swanson (2014)
In the citing paper
“The mean average difference on exam scores was 6.7%”
From Language Teachers’ Self-efficacy Beliefs: A Review of the Literature (2005-2016) (2018) · cites this paper as Swanson (2014)
Citations
Cites
Self-efficacy: The exercise of control
Bandura, A., Freeman, W. H., & Lightsey, R. (1999) · Journal of Cognitive Psychotherapy · doi:10.1891/0889-8391.13.2.158 · Cited by 46,835
Self-efficacy: the exercise of control
(1997) · Choice Reviews Online · doi:10.5860/choice.35-1826 · Cited by 24,451
Generalized expectancies for internal versus external control of reinforcement.
Rotter, J. B. (1966) · Psychological Monographs: General and Applied · doi:10.1037/h0092976 · Cited by 21,937
(1985) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 19,180
Teacher efficacy: capturing an elusive construct
Tschannen-Moran, M., & Hoy, A. W. (2001) · Teaching and Teacher Education · doi:10.1016/s0742-051x(01)00036-1 · Cited by 6,839 · cited 1×
“Keywords: motivation/motivación, National Spanish Examinations, social cognitive theory/teoría sociocognitiva, teacher attrition/atrición de maestros, teacher efficacy/eficacia de maestros”
BackgroundTeacher Efficacy: Its Meaning and Measure
Tschannen‐Moran, M., Hoy, A. W., & Hoy, W. K. (1998) · Review of Educational Research · doi:10.3102/00346543068002202 · Cited by 4,925
Self-Efficacy Beliefs of Adolescents
Pajares, F., & Urdan, T. (2006) · Emerald Group Publishing Limited eBooks · doi:10.1108/978-1-60752-750-3 · Cited by 3,544
Toward a Psychology of Human Agency
Bandura, A. (2006) · Perspectives on Psychological Science · doi:10.1111/j.1745-6916.2006.00011.x · Cited by 3,459
Encyclopedia of human behavior
(1994) · Choice Reviews Online · doi:10.5860/choice.32-0638 · Cited by 3,250
Changes in teacher efficacy during the early years of teaching: A comparison of four measures
Hoy, A. W., & Spero, R. B. (2005) · Teaching and Teacher Education · doi:10.1016/j.tate.2005.01.007 · Cited by 1,605
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Language Teachers’ Self-efficacy Beliefs: A Review of the Literature (2005-2016)
Petroleum Institute, K. U. O. S. A. T., & Wyatt, M. (2018) · Australian Journal of Teacher Education · doi:10.14221/ajte.2018v43n4.6 · Cited by 74
Connecting language proficiency to teaching ability: A meta-analysis
Faez, F., Karas, M., & Uchihara, T. (2019) · Language Teaching Research · doi:10.1177/1362168819868667 · Cited by 81
The role of self‐efficacy beliefs in learning English as a foreign language among young Indonesians
Anam, S., & Stracke, E. (2019) · TESOL Journal · doi:10.1002/tesj.440 · Cited by 82
A longitudinal investigation into English speaking self-efficacy in a Japanese language classroom
Leeming, P. (2017) · Asian-Pacific Journal of Second and Foreign Language Education · doi:10.1186/s40862-017-0035-x · Cited by 72
Faez, F., & Karas, M. (2017) · RELC Journal · doi:10.1177/0033688217694755 · Cited by 57
Metadata
- Authors
- Swanson, P.
- Venue
- Hispania
- Publisher
- Project MUSE
- Published
- 2014-03
- Volume
- 97
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 5-20
- ISSN
- 0018-2133 (ISSN-L)
- 2153-6414
- OpenAlex
- W2056100162
- Cited by
- 48
- References
- 55
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 7 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 1 · 2021: 6 · 2020: 1 · 2019: 4 · 2018: 6 · 2017: 4 · 2016: 6 · 2015: 2 · 2014: 2
- FWCI
- 23.98
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Hispania (publishedVersion)
- Project Muse (Johns Hopkins University) (submittedVersion)
- Digital Archive @ GSU (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Education › Teacher Education and Leadership Studies
- Social Sciences › Arts and Humanities › Language and Linguistics › EFL/ESL Teaching and Learning
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Education, Achievement, and Giftedness
- Keywords
- teacher self-efficacy, Spanish language teachers, academic performance, teacher beliefs, teacher retention, teacher preparation, professional development, foreign language teaching
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: The Power of Belief: Spanish Teachers’ Sense of Efficacy and Student Performance on the National Spanish Examinations. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1353/hpn.2014.0015
- The paper
- Swanson, P. (2014). The Power of Belief: Spanish Teachers’ Sense of Efficacy and Student Performance on the National Spanish Examinations. Hispania. https://doi.org/10.1353/hpn.2014.0015
