American Indian Women's Activism in the 1960s and 1970s
Abstract
This article will focus on the role of women in three red power events: the occupation of Alcatraz Island, the Fish-in movement, and the occupation at Wounded Knee. Men held most public roles at Alcatraz and Wounded Knee, even though women were the numerical majority at Wounded Knee. Female elders played a significant role at Wounded Knee, where the occupation was originally their idea. In contrast to these two occupations, the public leaders of the Fish-in movement were women—not an untraditional role for women of Northwest Coastal tribes.
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Lilly, J. M., McKinley, C. E., Knipp, H., & Liddell, J. L. (2021) · Journal of Family Issues · doi:10.1177/0192513x211030059 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
“NA women have continued to engage in leadership both formally and informally, historically, and con-temporarily (Hightower-Langston, 2003; Shoemaker, 2012; Smith, 2005), demonstrating their resilience.”
Background“Preserve Your Energy!”: Women of Color Undergraduates Navigating Activism and Emotional Labor
Rivera, S. H. (2025) · The Journal of Higher Education · doi:10.1080/00221546.2025.2488718 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
“Scholarship often explores their contributions from a historical perspective, recounting how WoC have led and contributed to movements, experienced exclusion, and challenged racist-sexism (Beltrán, 2010; Griggs Fleming, 1993; Hightower Langston, 2003; Springer, 2005).”
Centered and Empowered: Women of Color Feminist Reflection/Reflexiones as Methodology
Udoh, E. E., & Rivera, S. H. (2025) · International Journal of Qualitative Methods · doi:10.1177/16094069251405665 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
“Asian women challenged stereotypes and the invisibility they experience in their contributions to social justice work (Chu, 1986), while Indigenous women have emphasized community and collective action (Hightower Langston, 2003).”
(2023) · doi:10.14220/9783737014717.377 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
The Participation of Women in Times of Revolution
Mallonee, E. (2021) · The Electronic Student Journal of Anthropology · doi:10.46787/esjoa.v17i1.2300
- Authors
- Hightower-Langston, D.
- Venue
- Hypatia
- Publisher
- Cambridge University Press (CUP)
- Published
- 2003
- Volume
- 18
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 114-132
- ISSN
- 0887-5367 (ISSN-L)
- 1527-2001
- OpenAlex
- W4242581949
- Semantic Scholar
- 03b8c0b016174bc45b89a5e7d2b395fd7e5b04f2
- Cited by
- 6
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2025: 2 · 2023: 1 · 2021: 3
- FWCI
- 0.00
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Hypatia (publishedVersion)
- Project Muse (Johns Hopkins University) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Anthropology › Indigenous Cultures and History
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Historical Gender and Feminism Studies
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Race, History, and American Society
- Keywords
- American Indian women, Native American activism, Red Power movement, Alcatraz occupation, Wounded Knee occupation, women in leadership, 1960s-1970s
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