Student or educator? Sign up with your school email and get 6 months of Pro free.
Cited by 600

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 7 of the 7 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Optical Constants of Sulfuric Acid; Application to the Clouds of Venus?

Palmer, Kent F., Williams, Dudley·1975·Applied Optics

Abstract

With the purpose of obtaining the real and imaginary parts of the complex refractive index N; = n + ik, we have made quantitative measurements of spectral transmission and reflection of sulfuric acid solutions in the visible and near infrared. On the basis of the results, we have obtained values for n throughout the entire region and values of k in the near infrared together with upper limits for k in the visible region. These optical constants can be used to interpret the results of polarization studies of solar radiation that has been scattered by the clouds of Venus. We have Kramers-Kronig phase-shift analysis to obtain values of n and k from reflection measurements in the intermediate infrared region (400-4000 cm(-1)). Our measurements were made at 300 K on sulfuric acid solutions having concentrations by weight of 95.6, 84.5, 75, 50, 38, and 25%. If the particles in the Venus clouds consist of liquid droplets of sulfuric acid at a temperature of 250 K, comparison of existing Venus data with our data suggests that the acid concentration is probably higher than 70%. Various possibilities are discussed.

Overview

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1364/ao.14.000208

Cites

7 of 7 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Verification

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

Citations

Cites

Show all 7 references

Cited by

See all 600

Metadata

Authors
Palmer, K. F., & Williams, D.
Venue
Applied Optics
Published
1975-01-01
Volume
14
Issue
1
Pages
208
ISSN
  • 0003-6935 (ISSN-L)
  • 1539-4522
OpenAlex
W2075501990
Cited by
600
References
7
FWCI
7.87
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

How to cite

Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.

This page
CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Optical Constants of Sulfuric Acid; Application to the Clouds of Venus? https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1364/ao.14.000208
The paper
Palmer, K. F., & Williams, D. (1975). Optical Constants of Sulfuric Acid; Application to the Clouds of Venus? Applied Optics. https://doi.org/10.1364/ao.14.000208

Data sources

Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.

Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).

Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.