Limitations to the determination of a Laguerre–Gauss spectrum via projective, phase-flattening measurement
Open accessAbstract
One of the most widely used techniques for measuring the orbital angular momentum (OAM) components of a light beam is to flatten the spiral phase front of a mode, in order to couple it to a single-mode optical fiber (SMOF). This method, however, suffers from an efficiency that depends on the OAM of the initial mode and on the presence of higher-order radial modes. The reason is that once the phase has been flattened, the field retains its ringed intensity pattern and is therefore a nontrivial superposition of purely radial modes, of which only the fundamental one couples to a SMOF. In this paper, we study the efficiency of this technique both theoretically and experimentally. We find that even for low values of the OAM, a large amount of light can fall outside the fundamental mode of the fiber, and we quantify the losses as functions of the waist of the coupling beam of the OAM and radial indices. Our results can be used as a tool to remove the efficiency bias where fair-sampling loopholes are not a concern. However, we hope that our study will encourage the development of better detection methods of the OAM content of a beam of light.
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The discrete size of SLM pixels determines the modulation efficiency of the device especially for high OAM values.
“The discrete size of SLM pixels determines the modulation efficiency of the device especially for high OAM values [94, 97]”
From Photonic cellular automaton simulation of relativistic quantum fields: Observation of <i>Zitterbewegung</i> (2024) · cites this paper as [94]
The Experimental results section (page not provided) says SLM pixel size limits the mode numbers investigated and that too few pixels can impair generated and projected beams. The paper also reports low detection efficiency for high-OAM modes, but it does not establish that pixel size determines the SLM’s modulation efficiency, particularly at high OAM. (LLM, conf=0.84)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredExperimental imperfections are mainly related to the non-unitary efficiencies of the cascaded q-plates, errors in the coin operators, and the efficiencies of the holographic technique in manipulating the OAM.
“These are mainly related to the non unitary efficiencies of the cascaded q-plates, errors in the coin operators and the efficiencies of the holographic technique in manipulating the OAM [94, 97].”
From Photonic cellular automaton simulation of relativistic quantum fields: Observation of <i>Zitterbewegung</i> (2024) · cites this paper as [94]
The Introduction and Experimental results (page not provided) discuss holographic OAM methods and mode-dependent generation, detection, and coupling efficiencies. They do not identify non-unitary efficiencies of cascaded q-plates or errors in coin operators as experimental imperfections; the paper's q-plate mention is only a list of OAM-generation methods. (LLM, conf=0.86)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
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- Authors
- Qassim, H., Miatto, F. M., Torres, J. P., Padgett, M. J., Karimi, E., & Boyd, R. W.
- Affiliations
- University of Ottawa (CA)
- Institute of Photonic Sciences (ES)
- University of Glasgow (GB)
- Venue
- Journal of the Optical Society of America B
- Publisher
- Optica Publishing Group
- Published
- 2014-04-07
- Volume
- 31
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- A20
- ISSN
- 0740-3224 (ISSN-L)
- 1520-8540
- OpenAlex
- W2121509872
- Cited by
- 104
- References
- 33
- Citations by year
- 2026: 6 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 9 · 2023: 9 · 2022: 6 · 2021: 9 · 2020: 9 · 2019: 9 · 2018: 10 · 2017: 8 · 2016: 11 · 2015: 10 · 2014: 5
- FWCI
- 5.64
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Journal of the Optical Society of America B (publishedVersion)
- LA Referencia (Red Federada de Repositorios Institucionales de Publicaciones Científicas) (acceptedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- RECERCAT (Consorci de Serveis Universitaris de Catalunya) (acceptedVersion, other-oa)
- arXiv (Cornell University) (submittedVersion)
- UPCommons institutional repository (Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- arXiv (Cornell University)
- Funders
- Royal Society
- Canada Excellence Research Chairs, Government of Canada
- Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics › Orbital Angular Momentum in Optics
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Artificial Intelligence › Quantum Information and Cryptography
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Acoustics and Ultrasonics › Random lasers and scattering media
- Keywords
- orbital angular momentum, Laguerre-Gaussian beams, single-mode fiber coupling, radial modes, coupling efficiency, beam waist
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