Cited by 784Advanced Photonic Communication SystemsOptical Network TechnologiesNeural Networks and Reservoir Computing

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Photonic analog-to-digital converters

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Valley, George C.·2007·Optics Express

DOI 10.1364/oe.15.001955

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Abstract

This paper reviews over 30 years of work on photonic analog-to-digital converters. The review is limited to systems in which the input is a radio-frequency (RF) signal in the electronic domain and the output is a digital version of that signal also in the electronic domain, and thus the review excludes photonic systems directed towards digitizing images or optical communication signals. The state of the art in electronic ADCs, basic properties of ADCs and properties of analog optical links, which are found in many photonic ADCs, are reviewed as background information for understanding photonic ADCs. Then four classes of photonic ADCs are reviewed: 1) photonic assisted ADC in which a photonic device is added to an electronic ADC to improve performance, 2) photonic sampling and electronic quantizing ADC, 3) electronic sampling and photonic quantizing ADC, and 4) photonic sampling and quantizing ADC. It is noted, however, that all 4 classes of "photonic ADC" require some electronic sampling and quantization. After reviewing all known photonic ADCs in the four classes, the review concludes with a discussion of the potential for photonic ADCs in the future.

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Authors: Valley, G. C.
Affiliations: The Aerospace Corporation (US)
Corresponding author: Valley, George C.
Venue: Optics Express
Publisher: Optica Publishing Group
Published: 2007
Volume: 15
Issue: 5
Pages: 1955
ISSN: 1094-4087 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1364/oe.15.001955
OpenAlex: W3021271220
Cited by: 784
References: 0
Citations by year: 2026: 17 · 2025: 17 · 2024: 31 · 2023: 44 · 2022: 35 · 2021: 44 · 2020: 33 · 2019: 38 · 2018: 52 · 2017: 37 · 2016: 50 · 2015: 56 · 2014: 59 · 2013: 58 · 2012: 58
FWCI: 33.70
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: gold
doi.org
Licence: doi.org/10.1364/OA_License_v1#VOR-OA (vor, 63 d)
opg.optica.org/policies/opg-tdm-policy.json (tdm, 63 d)
Locations: Optics Express (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics: Physical Sciences › Engineering › Electrical and Electronic Engineering › Advanced Photonic Communication Systems
Physical Sciences › Engineering › Electrical and Electronic Engineering › Optical Network Technologies
Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Artificial Intelligence › Neural Networks and Reservoir Computing
Keywords: photonic analog-to-digital converter, analog optical links

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

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Photonic analog-to-digital converters

Abstract

Overview

Integrity signals

Verification

Claims the paper makes

Citations

Cited by

Related

Metadata

Record

About these checks