The DOI matches its Crossref record; 18 of the 18 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Harmonic generation in silicon nitride ring resonators
Open accessAbstract
We demonstrate second- and third-harmonic generation in a centrosymmetric CMOS-compatible material using ring resonators and integrated optical waveguides. The χ(2) response is induced by using the nanoscale structure of the waveguide to break the bulk symmetry of silicon nitride (Si3N4) with the silicon dioxide (SiO2) cladding. Using a high-Q ring resonator cavity to enhance the efficiency of the process, we detect the second-harmonic output in the visible wavelength range with milliwatt input powers at telecom wavelengths. We also observe third-harmonic generation from the intrinsic χ(3) susceptibility of the silicon nitride. Phase matching of the harmonic processes occurs due to the near coincidence of indices of refraction of the fundamental mode at the pump frequency and the corresponding higher-order modes of the harmonic fields.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Surface properties probed by second-harmonic and sum-frequency generation
Shen, Y. R. (1989) · Nature · doi:10.1038/337519a0 · Cited by 2,350
CMOS-compatible multiple-wavelength oscillator for on-chip optical interconnects
Levy, J. S., Gondarenko, A., Foster, M. A., Turner-Foster, A. C., Gaeta, A. L., & Lipson, M. (2010) · Nature Photonics · doi:10.1038/nphoton.2009.259 · Cited by 1,145
Self-citationBroad-band optical parametric gain on a silicon photonic chip
Foster, M. A., Turner, A. C., Sharping, J. E., Schmidt, B. S., Lipson, M., & Gaeta, A. L. (2006) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature04932 · Cited by 952
Self-citationNanotaper for compact mode conversion
Almeida, V. R., Panepucci, R. R., & Lipson, M. (2003) · Optics Letters · doi:10.1364/ol.28.001302 · Cited by 866
Self-citationOptical Second-Harmonic Generation in Reflection from Media with Inversion Symmetry
Bloembergen, N., Chang, R. K., Jha, S. S., & Lee, C. H. (1968) · Physical Review · doi:10.1103/physrev.174.813 · Cited by 736
Kerr-Nonlinearity Optical Parametric Oscillation in an Ultrahigh-QToroid Microcavity
Kippenberg, T. J., Spillane, S. M., & Vahala, K. J. (2004) · Physical Review Letters · doi:10.1103/physrevlett.93.083904 · Cited by 732
Low-power continuous-wave nonlinear optics in doped silica glass integrated waveguide structures
Ferrera, M., Razzari, L., Duchesne, D., Morandotti, R., Yang, Z., Liscidini, M., Sipe, J. E., Chu, S., Little, B. E., & Moss, D. J. (2008) · Nature Photonics · doi:10.1038/nphoton.2008.228 · Cited by 704
Sipe, J., Moss, D., & van Driel, H. (1987) · Physical Review B · doi:10.1103/physrevb.35.1129 · Cited by 645
Corcoran, B., Monat, C., Grillet, C., Moss, D. J., Eggleton, B. J., White, T. P., O'Faolain, L., & Krauss, T. F. (2009) · Nature Photonics · doi:10.1038/nphoton.2009.28 · Cited by 624
Ikeda, K., Saperstein, R. E., Alic, N., & Fainman, Y. (2008) · Optics Express · doi:10.1364/oe.16.012987 · Cited by 486
Cited by
New CMOS-compatible platforms based on silicon nitride and Hydex for nonlinear optics
Moss, D. J., Morandotti, R., Gaeta, A. L., & Lipson, M. (2013) · Nature Photonics · doi:10.1038/nphoton.2013.183 · Cited by 1,792
Self-citationLu, J., Surya, J. B., Liu, X., Bruch, A. W., Gong, Z., Xu, Y., & Tang, H. X. (2019) · Optica · doi:10.1364/optica.6.001455 · Cited by 445
Integrated lithium niobate photonics
Qi, Y., & Li, Y. (2020) · Nanophotonics · doi:10.1515/nanoph-2020-0013 · Cited by 422
Second-harmonic generation in silicon waveguides strained by silicon nitride
Cazzanelli, M., Bianco, F., Borga, E., Pucker, G., Ghulinyan, M., Degoli, E., Luppi, E., Véniard, V., Ossicini, S., Modotto, D., et al. (2012) · Nature Materials · doi:10.1038/nmat3200 · Cited by 332
Electric field-induced second-order nonlinear optical effects in silicon waveguides
Timurdogan, E., Poulton, C. V., Byrd, M. J., & Watts, M. R. (2017) · Nature Photonics · doi:10.1038/nphoton.2017.14 · Cited by 308
Metadata
- Authors
- Levy, J. S., Foster, M. A., Gaeta, A. L., & Lipson, M.
- Venue
- Optics Express
- Publisher
- Optica Publishing Group
- Published
- 2011-05-26
- Volume
- 19
- Issue
- 12
- Pages
- 11415
- ISSN
- 1094-4087 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2087743220
- Cited by
- 323
- References
- 18
- FWCI
- 12.48
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Harmonic generation in silicon nitride ring resonators. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1364/oe.19.011415
- The paper
- Levy, J. S., Foster, M. A., Gaeta, A. L., & Lipson, M. (2011). Harmonic generation in silicon nitride ring resonators. Optics Express. https://doi.org/10.1364/oe.19.011415
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
