Unstable and stable regimes of polariton condensation
Open accessAbstract
Modulational instabilities play a key role in a wide range of nonlinear optical phenomena, leading e.g. to the formation of spatial and temporal solitons, rogue waves and chaotic dynamics. Here we experimentally demonstrate the existence of a modulational instability in condensates of cavity polaritons, arising from the strong coupling of cavity photons with quantum well excitons. For this purpose we investigate the spatiotemporal coherence properties of polariton condensates in GaAs-based microcavities under continuous-wave pumping. The chaotic behavior of the instability results in a strongly reduced spatial and temporal coherence and a significantly inhomogeneous density. Additionally we show how the instability can be tamed by introducing a periodic potential so that condensation occurs into negative mass states, leading to largely improved coherence and homogeneity. These results pave the way to the exploration of long-range order in dissipative quantum fluids of light within a controlled platform.
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These effectively attractive interactions keep the condensate localized in space with a soliton-like shape and reduce the condensation threshold with respect to condensation into the expanding positive-mass states at the bottom of the band.
“These keep the condensate localized in space with a soliton-like shape [112,113] and, in this way, reduce the condensation threshold with respect to condensation into the expanding positive-mass states at the bottom of the band.”
From How to exploit driving and dissipation to stabilize and manipulate quantum many-body states (2025) · cites this paper as [113]
The Theoretical Framework (p. 2) says negative-mass states can form stable condensates of arbitrarily large size, and the Conclusion (p. 7) describes them as extended—not soliton-like localized. The paper attributes dynamical instability, rather than stable localization, to effective attractive interactions in positive-mass condensates. It does not report the claimed threshold reduction. (LLM, conf=0.78)
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Cites
Direct Observation of Dirac Cones and a Flatband in a Honeycomb Lattice for Polaritons
Jacqmin, T., Carusotto, I., Sagnes, I., Abbarchi, M., Solnyshkov, D. D., Malpuech, G., Galopin, E., Lemaître, A., Bloch, J., & Amo, A. (2014) · Physical Review Letters · doi:10.1103/physrevlett.112.116402 · Cited by 509 · see citing works
Self-citationMacroscopic Two-Dimensional Polariton Condensates
Ballarini, D., Caputo, D., Muñoz, C. S., De Giorgi, M., Dominici, L., Szymańska, M. H., West, K., Pfeiffer, L. N., Gigli, G., Laussy, F. P., et al. (2017) · Physical Review Letters · doi:10.1103/physrevlett.118.215301 · Cited by 56 · see citing works
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Non-equilibrium Bose–Einstein condensation in photonic systems
Bloch, J., Carusotto, I., & Wouters, M. (2022) · Nature Reviews Physics · doi:10.1038/s42254-022-00464-0 · Cited by 105 · see citing works
Self-citationHow to exploit driving and dissipation to stabilize and manipulate quantum many-body states
Carusotto, I. (2025) · Comptes Rendus. Physique · doi:10.5802/crphys.258 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Self-citation
- Authors
- Baboux, F., De Bernardis, D., Goblot, V., Gladilin, V. N., Gomez, C., Galopin, E., Le Gratiet, L., Lemaître, A., Sagnes, I., Carusotto, I., Wouters, M., Amo, A., & Bloch, J.
- Affiliations
- Centre de Nanosciences et de Nanotechnologies (FR)
- University of Antwerp (BE)
- University of Trento (IT)
- ORCID
- Venue
- Optica
- Publisher
- Optica Publishing Group
- Published
- 2018-09-24
- Volume
- 5
- Issue
- 10
- Pages
- 1163
- ISSN
- 2334-2536 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2736836386
- Cited by
- 79
- References
- 2
- Citations by year
- 2026: 7 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 11 · 2023: 12 · 2022: 11 · 2021: 6 · 2020: 9 · 2019: 12 · 2018: 3 · 2017: 1
- FWCI
- 3.47
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Optica (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- arXiv (Cornell University) (submittedVersion)
- HAL (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Figshare (submittedVersion, public-domain)
- Institutional Research Information System (Università degli Studi di Trento) (submittedVersion)
- LillOA (Université de Lille (University Of Lille)) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- arXiv (Cornell University)
- Figshare (cc-by)
- Funders
- Agence Nationale de la Recherche (ANR) (ANR-16-CE30-0021)
- Labex (ANR-10-LABX-0035)
- French RENATECH network
- H2020 European Research Council (ERC) (Honeypol)
- H2020 Future and Emerging Technologies (FET) (640800)
- Austrian Science Fund (FWF) (DK CoQuS W 1210, SFB FOQUS F40, Y 591-N16)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics › Strong Light-Matter Interactions
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics › Semiconductor Quantum Structures and Devices
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Biomedical Engineering › Plasmonic and Surface Plasmon Research
- Keywords
- polariton condensation, dynamical instability, exciton-polaritons, microcavities, spatiotemporal coherence, periodic potential, driven-dissipative systems, long-range order
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