CoChat
Sign Up
Cited by 56Strong Light-Matter InteractionsSemiconductor Quantum Structures and DevicesPlasmonic and Surface Plasmon Research

Macroscopic Two-Dimensional Polariton Condensates

Open access
Ballarini, Dario, Caputo, Davide, Muñoz, Carlos Sánchez, De Giorgi, Milena, Dominici, Lorenzo, Szymańska, Marzena H., West, Kenneth, Pfeiffer, Loren N. +3 more·2017·Physical Review Letters
DOI 10.1103/physrevlett.118.215301
Open this paper in CoChat — free accountOpen PDF

Abstract

We report a record-size, two-dimensional polariton condensate of a fraction of a millimeter radius free from the presence of an exciton reservoir. This macroscopically occupied state is formed by the ballistically expanding polariton flow that relaxes and condenses over a large area outside of the excitation spot. The density of this trap-free condensate is <1 polariton/μm^{2}, reducing the phase noise induced by the interaction energy. Moreover, the backflow effect, recently predicted for the nonparabolic polariton dispersion, is observed here for the first time in the fast-expanding wave packet.

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1103/physrevlett.118.215301

Cites

48 of 48 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

Cites

Flagged first, then by citations

Research works printed but not linked: 41

  1. [1]1. A. Amo, T. C. H. Liew, C. Adrados, R. Houdré, E. Giacobino, A. V. Kavokin, and A. Bramati, Nat. Photonics 4, 361 (2010).
  2. [2]2. D. Ballarini, M. De Giorgi, E. Cancellieri, R. Houdré, E. Giacobino, R. Cingolani, A. Bramati, G. Gigli, and D. Sanvitto, Nat. Commun. 4, 1778 (2013).
  3. [3]3. J. J. Baumberg, P. G. Savvidis, R. M. Stevenson, A. I. Tartakovskii, M. S. Skolnick, D. M. Whittaker, and J. S. Roberts, Phys. Rev. B 62, R16247 (2000).
  4. [4]4. H. Deng, G. Weihs, C. Santori, J. Bloch, and Y. Yamamoto, Science 298, 199 (2002).
  5. [5]5. J. Kasprzak, M. Richard, S. Kundermann, A. Baas, P. Jeambrun, J. M. J. Keeling, F. M. Marchetti, M. H. Szymańska, R. André, J. L. Staehli et al., Nature (London) 443, 409 (2006).
  6. [7]7. R. Balili, V. Hartwell, D. Snoke, L. Pfeiffer, and K. West, Science 316, 1007 (2007).
  7. [8]8. S. Christopoulos, G. B. H. von Högersthal, A. J. D. Grundy, P. G. Lagoudakis, A. V. Kavokin, J. J. Baumberg, G. Christmann, R. Butté, E. Feltin, J.-F. Carlin et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 98, 126405 (2007).
  8. [9]9. T. Guillet, M. Mexis, J. Levrat, G. Rossbach, C. Brimont, T. Bretagnon, B. Gil, R. Butté, N. Grandjean, L. Orosz et al., Appl. Phys. Lett. 99, 161104 (2011).
  9. [10]10. K. S. Daskalakis, S. A. Maier, R. Murray, and S. Kéna- Cohen, Nat. Mater. 13, 271 (2014).
  10. [11]11. J. Plumhof, T. Stoferle, L. Mai, U. Scherf, and R. F. Mahrt, Nat. Mater. 13, 247 (2014).
  11. [12]12. J. J. Baumberg, A. V. Kavokin, S. Christopoulos, A. J. D. Grundy, R. Butté, G. Christmann, D. D. Solnyshkov, G. Malpuech, G. B. H. von Högersthal, E. Feltin et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 101, 136409 (2008).
  12. [13]13. J. Kasprzak, M. Richard, A. Baas, B. Deveaud, R. André, J. P. Poizat, and Le Si Dang, Phys. Rev. Lett. 100, 067402 (2008).
  13. [14]14. A. P. D. Love, D. N. Krizhanovskii, D. M. Whittaker, R. Bouchekioua, D. Sanvitto, S. A. Rizeiqi, R. Bradley, M. S. Skolnick, P. R. Eastham, R. André et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 101, 067404 (2008).
  14. [15]15. S. Kim, B. Zhang, Z. Wang, J. Fischer, S. Brodbeck, M. Kamp, C. Schneider, S. Höfling, and H. Deng, Phys. Rev. X 6, 011026 (2016).
  15. [16]16. F. Tassone, C. Piermarocchi, V. Savona, A. Quattropani, and P. Schwendimann, Phys. Rev. B 56, 7554 (1997).
  16. [17]17. M. Wouters, I. Carusotto, and C. Ciuti, Phys. Rev. B 77, 115340 (2008).
  17. [18]18. G. Roumpos, W. H. Nitsche, S. Höfling, A. Forchel, and Y. Yamamoto, Phys. Rev. Lett. 104, 126403 (2010).
  18. [19]19. G. Roumpos, M. Lohse, W. H. Nitsche, J. Keeling, M. H. Szymańska, P. B. Littlewood, A. Löffler, S. Höfling, L. Worschech, A. Forchel et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 109, 6467 (2012).
  19. [20]20. M. Wouters and I. Carusotto, Superlattices Microstruct. 43, 524 (2008).
  20. [21]21. A. Baas, K. G. Lagoudakis, M. Richard, R. André, Le Si Dang, and B. Deveaud-Plédran, Phys. Rev. Lett. 100, 170401 (2008).
  21. [22]22. K. G. Lagoudakis, F. Manni, B. Pietka, M. Wouters, T. C. H. Liew, V. Savona, A. V. Kavokin, R. André, and B. Deveaud- Plédran, Phys. Rev. Lett. 106, 115301 (2011).
  22. [23]23. M. Thunert, A. Janot, H. Franke, C. Sturm, T. Michalsky, M. D. Martín, L. Viña, B. Rosenow, M. Grundmann, and R. Schmidt-Grund, Phys. Rev. B 93, 064203 (2016).
  23. [24]24. K. S. Daskalakis, S. A. Maier, and S. Kéna-Cohen, Phys. Rev. Lett. 115, 035301 (2015).
  24. [26]26. E. Wertz, L. Ferrier, D. D. Solnyshkov, R. Johne, D. Sanvitto, A. Lemaître, I. Sagnes, R. Grousson, A. V. Kavokin, P. Senellart et al., Nat. Phys. 6, 860 (2010).
  25. [27]27. M. Wouters, T. C. H. Liew, and V. Savona, Phys. Rev. B 82, 245315 (2010).
  26. [28]28. M. Wouters, New J. Phys. 14, 075020 (2012).
  27. [29]29. C. Antón, T. C. H. Liew, G. Tosi, M. D. Martin, T. Gao, Z. Hatzopoulos, P. S. Eldridge, P. G. Savvidis, and L. Viña, Phys. Rev. B 88, 035313 (2013).
  28. [30]30. G. Christmann, G. Tosi, N. G. Berloff, P. Tsotsis, P. S. Eldridge, Z. Hatzopoulos, P. G. Savvidis, and J. J. Baumberg, Phys. Rev. B 85, 235303 (2012).
  29. [31]31. P. Cristofolini, A. Dreismann, G. Christmann, G. Franchetti, N. G. Berloff, P. Tsotsis, Z. Hatzopoulos, P. G. Savvidis, and J. J. Baumberg, Phys. Rev. Lett. 110, 186403 (2013).
  30. [32]32. T. Gao, E. Estrecho, G. Li, O. A. Egorov, X. Ma, K. Winkler, M. Kamp, C. Schneider, S. Höfling, A. G. Truscott et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 117, 097403 (2016).
  31. [33]33. Y. Sun, P. Wen, Y. Yoon, G. Liu, M. Steger, L. N. Pfeiffer, K. West, D. W. Snoke, and K. A. Nelson, Phys. Rev. Lett. 118, 016602 (2017).
  32. [34]34. See Supplemental Material at http://link.aps.org/ supplemental/10.1103/PhysRevLett.118.215301 for details on the excitation scheme.
  33. [35]35. See Supplemental Material at http://link.aps.org/ supplemental/10.1103/PhysRevLett.118.215301 for the whole set of data (movie) and Figs. S2 and S3 for further details.
  34. [36]36. M. Steger, G. Liu, B. Nelsen, C. Gautham, D. W. Snoke, R. Balili, L. Pfeiffer, and K. West, Phys. Rev. B 88, 235314 (2013).
  35. [37]37. B. Nelsen, G. Liu, M. Steger, D. W. Snoke, R. Balili, K. West, and L. Pfeiffer, Phys. Rev. X 3, 041015 (2013).
  36. [38]38. M. Steger, B. Fluegel, K. Alberi, D. W. Snoke, L. N. Pfeiffer, K. West, and A. Mascarenhas, Opt. Lett. 42, 1165 (2017).
  37. [40]40. I. Carusotto and C. Ciuti, Rev. Mod. Phys. 85, 299 (2013).
  38. [41]41. T. D. Doan, H. T. Cao, D. B. T. Thoai, and H. Haug, Phys. Rev. B 72, 085301 (2005).
  39. [42]42. N. Bobrovska and M. Matuszewski, Phys. Rev. B 92, 035311 (2015).
  40. [43]43. See Supplemental Material at http://link.aps.org/ supplemental/10.1103/PhysRevLett.118.215301, including Fig. S4, for details.
  41. [44]44. D. Colas and F. P. Laussy, Phys. Rev. Lett. 116, 026401 (2016).

Cited by

Sorted by citations

Related

Authors
Ballarini, D., Caputo, D., Muñoz, C. S., De Giorgi, M., Dominici, L., Szymańska, M. H., West, K., Pfeiffer, L. N., Gigli, G., Laussy, F. P., & Sanvitto, D.
Affiliations
  • Istituto di Nanotecnologia (IT)
  • University of Salento (IT)
  • RIKEN (JP)
  • University College London (GB)
  • Princeton University (US)
  • University of Wolverhampton (GB)
ORCID
Venue
Physical Review Letters
Publisher
American Physical Society (APS)
Published
2017-05-26
Volume
118
Issue
21
Pages
215301-215301
ISSN
  • 0031-9007 (ISSN-L)
  • 1079-7114
DOI
10.1103/physrevlett.118.215301
OpenAlex
W3155543267
Cited by
56
References
46
Citations by year
2026: 1 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 8 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 2 · 2020: 12 · 2019: 9 · 2018: 11 · 2017: 3
FWCI
4.69
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
link.aps.org/licenses/aps-default-license (vor)
Locations
  • Physical Review Letters (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • arXiv (Cornell University) (submittedVersion)
  • UCL Discovery (University College London) (submittedVersion)
  • AIRUS (submittedVersion)
  • Wolverhampton Intellectual Repository and E-Theses (University of Wolverhampton) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
  • arXiv (Cornell University)
Funders
  • H2020 European Research Council (308136)
  • Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EP/I028900/2, EP/K003623/2)
Topics
  • Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics › Strong Light-Matter Interactions
  • Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics › Semiconductor Quantum Structures and Devices
  • Physical Sciences › Engineering › Biomedical Engineering › Plasmonic and Surface Plasmon Research
Keywords
exciton-polariton condensates, two-dimensional condensates, backflow effect, phase noise, wave packet dynamics, microcavity polaritons

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review