The DOI matches its Crossref record; 60 of the 60 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Genome-Wide Analyses of Exonic Copy Number Variants in a Family-Based Study Point to Novel Autism Susceptibility Genes
Open accessAbstract
The genetics underlying the autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) is complex and remains poorly understood. Previous work has demonstrated an important role for structural variation in a subset of cases, but has lacked the resolution necessary to move beyond detection of large regions of potential interest to identification of individual genes. To pinpoint genes likely to contribute to ASD etiology, we performed high density genotyping in 912 multiplex families from the Autism Genetics Resource Exchange (AGRE) collection and contrasted results to those obtained for 1,488 healthy controls. Through prioritization of exonic deletions (eDels), exonic duplications (eDups), and whole gene duplication events (gDups), we identified more than 150 loci harboring rare variants in multiple unrelated probands, but no controls. Importantly, 27 of these were confirmed on examination of an independent replication cohort comprised of 859 cases and an additional 1,051 controls. Rare variants at known loci, including exonic deletions at NRXN1 and whole gene duplications encompassing UBE3A and several other genes in the 15q11-q13 region, were observed in the course of these analyses. Strong support was likewise observed for previously unreported genes such as BZRAP1, an adaptor molecule known to regulate synaptic transmission, with eDels or eDups observed in twelve unrelated cases but no controls (p = 2.3x10(-5)). Less is known about MDGA2, likewise observed to be case-specific (p = 1.3x10(-4)). But, it is notable that the encoded protein shows an unexpectedly high similarity to Contactin 4 (BLAST E-value = 3x10(-39)), which has also been linked to disease. That hundreds of distinct rare variants were each seen only once further highlights complexity in the ASDs and points to the continued need for larger cohorts.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Figures
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“recurrent structural variations involving one or a small number of genes, including: Neurexin 1 (NRXN1), Contactin 4 (CNTN4), Neuroligin 1 (NLGN1), Astrotactin 2 (ASTN2), and the contiguous genes Patched Domain Containing 1 (PTCHD1) and DEAD box Protein 53 (DDX53)”
From Multiple recurrent de novo CNVs, including duplications of the 7q11.23 Williams syndrome region, are strongly associated with autism (2011) · cites this paper as Bucan et al., 2009
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredIn the citing paper
“These include deletions and/or duplications at specific loci, including: 1q21.1, 15q11.2-13.1, 15q13.2-13.3, 16p11.2, 17q12, and 22q11.2”
From Multiple recurrent de novo CNVs, including duplications of the 7q11.23 Williams syndrome region, are strongly associated with autism (2011) · cites this paper as Bucan et al., 2009
In the citing paper
“they usually contain multiple genes (with a few exceptions (Bucan et al., 2009; Talkowski et al., 2011))”
From Defining the genetic, genomic, cellular, and diagnostic architectures of psychiatric disorders (2019) · cites this paper as Bucan et al., 2009
In the citing paper
“as well as Neurexin 1 CNV, which are observed in about 50% of unaffected carriers [36], and observed across several neurodevelopmental disorders (Table 1).”
From Genetics of autism spectrum disorders (2011) · cites this paper as [36]
In the citing paper
“So all such CNV are not necessarily causal or fully penetrant [36].”
From Genetics of autism spectrum disorders (2011) · cites this paper as [36]
In the citing paper
“First, de novo CNV are observed in 5–10% of ASD probands, but they are also observed in 1–2% of unaffected controls.”
From Genetics of autism spectrum disorders (2011) · cites this paper as [36]
In the citing paper
“These results replicate and extend earlier composite pathway analysis of putative ASD susceptibility genes compiled from the literature [68], and CNV pathway analysis in the Autism Genetic Resource Exchange (AGRE) and other cohorts [32, 36].”
From Genetics of autism spectrum disorders (2011) · cites this paper as [36]
In the citing paper
“For example, although rare de novo CNV are considered causal mutations, it is clear that mutations may have intermediate effect sizes and variable penetrance, as mentioned above [36, 42] so such mutations must be interacting with other factors.”
From Genetics of autism spectrum disorders (2011) · cites this paper as [36]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
DAVID: Database for Annotation, Visualization, and Integrated Discovery
Dennis, G., Sherman, B. T., Hosack, D. A., Yang, J., Gao, W., Lane, H. C., & Lempicki, R. A. (2003) · Genome Biology · doi:10.1186/gb-2003-4-5-p3 · Cited by 9,327
Strong association of de novo copy number mutations with autism
Sebat, J., Lakshmi, B., Malhotra, D., Troge, J., Lese-Martin, C., Walsh, T., Yamrom, B., Yoon, S., Krasnitz, A., Kendall, J., et al. (2007) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1138659 · Cited by 2,795
Self-citationAutism as a strongly genetic disorder: evidence from a British twin study
Bailey, A., Le Couteur, A., Gottesman, I., Bolton, P., Simonoff, E., Yuzda, E., & Rutter, M. (1995) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291700028099 · Cited by 2,461
Advances in autism genetics: on the threshold of a new neurobiology
Abrahams, B. S., & Geschwind, D. H. (2008) · Nature Reviews Genetics · doi:10.1038/nrg2346 · Cited by 1,866
Self-citationMutations of the X-linked genes encoding neuroligins NLGN3 and NLGN4 are associated with autism
Study, P. A. R. I. S., Jamain, S., Quach, H., Betancur, C., Råstam, M., Colineaux, C., Gillberg, I. C., Soderstrom, H., Giros, B., Leboyer, M., et al. (2003) · Nature Genetics · doi:10.1038/ng1136 · Cited by 1,851
Structural Variation of Chromosomes in Autism Spectrum Disorder
Marshall, C. R., Noor, A., Vincent, J. B., Lionel, A. C., Feuk, L., Skaug, J., Shago, M., Moessner, R., Pinto, D., Ren, Y., et al. (2008) · The American Journal of Human Genetics · doi:10.1016/j.ajhg.2007.12.009 · Cited by 1,815 · cited 7×
“Sensitivity compares favorably with previous BAC array-based [9,21] and SNP-based methods [8], in Author Summary”
BackgroundResultInfluentialRare Structural Variants Disrupt Multiple Genes in Neurodevelopmental Pathways in Schizophrenia
Walsh, T., McClellan, J. M., McCarthy, S. E., Addington, A. M., Pierce, S. B., Cooper, G. M., Nord, A. S., Kusenda, M., Malhotra, D., Bhandari, A., et al. (2008) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1155174 · Cited by 1,800
Self-citationWang, K., Li, M., Hadley, D., Liu, R., Glessner, J., Grant, S. F. A., Hakonarson, H., & Bucan, M. (2007) · Genome Research · doi:10.1101/gr.6861907 · Cited by 1,792
Self-citationAssociation between Microdeletion and Microduplication at 16p11.2 and Autism
Weiss, L. A., Shen, Y., Korn, J. M., Arking, D. E., Miller, D. T., Fossdal, R., Saemundsen, E., Stefansson, H., Ferreira, M. A. R., Green, T., et al. (2008) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa075974 · Cited by 1,666
Identification and characterization of the tuberous sclerosis gene on chromosome 16
(1993) · Cell · doi:10.1016/0092-8674(93)90618-z · Cited by 1,645
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Behavioural phenotyping assays for mouse models of autism
Silverman, J. L., Yang, M., Lord, C., & Crawley, J. N. (2010) · Nature Reviews Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nrn2851 · Cited by 1,462
Insights into autism spectrum disorder genomic architecture and biology from 71 risk loci
Sanders, S. J., He, X., Willsey, A. J., Ercan-Sencicek, A. G., Samocha, K. E., Cicek, A. E., Murtha, M. T., Bal, V. H., Bishop, S. L., Dong, S., et al. (2015) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2015.09.016 · Cited by 1,430
Self-citationSanders, S. J., Ercan-Sencicek, A. G., Hus, V., Luo, R., Murtha, M. T., Moreno-De-Luca, D., Chu, S. H., Moreau, M. P., Gupta, A. R., Thomson, S. A., et al. (2011) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2011.05.002 · Cited by 1,263
Self-citationGenetic Heterogeneity in Human Disease
McClellan, J., & King, M.-C. (2010) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2010.03.032 · Cited by 981
Betancur, C. (2011) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.brainres.2010.11.078 · Cited by 954
Metadata
- Authors
- Bucan, M., Abrahams, B. S., Wang, K., Glessner, J. T., Herman, E. I., Sonnenblick, L. I., Alvarez Retuerto, A. I., Imielinski, M., Hadley, D., Bradfield, J. P., Kim, C., Gidaya, N. B., Lindquist, I., Hutman, T., Sigman, M., Kustanovich, V., Lajonchere, C. M., Singleton, A., Kim, J., Wassink, T. H., McMahon, W. M., Owley, T., Sweeney, J. A., Coon, H., Nurnberger, J. I., Li, M., Cantor, R. M., Minshew, N. J., Sutcliffe, J. S., Cook, E. H., Dawson, G., Buxbaum, J. D., Grant, S. F. A., Schellenberg, G. D., Geschwind, D. H., & Hakonarson, H.
- Affiliations
- University of California, Los Angeles (US)
- Children's Hospital of Philadelphia (US)
- University of Pennsylvania (US)
- Autism Speaks (US)
- National Institutes of Health (US)
- University of Iowa (US)
- University of Utah (US)
- University of Illinois Chicago (US)
- University of Pittsburgh (US)
- Vanderbilt University (US)
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai (US)
- Corresponding author
- Hakonarson, Hakon
- ORCID
- Glessner, Joseph T.
- Imielinski, Marcin
- Hadley, Dexter
- Lajonchere, Clara M.
- Singleton, Andrew
- Kim, Junhyong
- Wassink, Thomas H.
- Sweeney, John A.
- Coon, Hilary
- Li, Mingyao
- Cantor, Rita M.
- Minshew, Nancy J.
- Sutcliffe, James S.
- Cook, Edwin H.
- Buxbaum, Joseph D.
- Grant, Struan F. A.
- Schellenberg, Gerard D.
- Geschwind, Daniel H.
- Hakonarson, Hakon
- Venue
- PLoS Genetics
- Publisher
- Public Library of Science (PLoS)
- Published
- 2009-06-26
- Volume
- 5
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- e1000536
- ISSN
- 1553-7390 (ISSN-L)
- 1553-7404
- PMC
- PMC2695001
- OpenAlex
- W2125432692
- Cited by
- 424
- References
- 60
- Citations by year
- 2026: 12 · 2025: 9 · 2024: 9 · 2023: 13 · 2022: 9 · 2021: 15 · 2020: 16 · 2019: 16 · 2018: 18 · 2017: 24 · 2016: 24 · 2015: 24 · 2014: 39 · 2013: 36 · 2012: 46
- FWCI
- 25.74
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- PLoS Genetics (publishedVersion, public-domain)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, public-domain)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- D-Scholarship@Pitt (University of Pittsburgh) (acceptedVersion)
- Carolina Digital Repository (University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill) (submittedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- DukeSpace (Duke University) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- eScholarship (California Digital Library) (submittedVersion)
- eScholarship (California Digital Library) (submittedVersion, public-domain)
- Figshare (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- UNC Libraries
- Funders
- U.S. Department of Health and Human Services
- Autism Speaks
- Massachusetts General Hospital
- Yale University
- Children's Hospital of Philadelphia (UL1-RR-024134)
- University of Pennsylvania
- Emory University
- George Washington University
- National Alliance for Research on Schizophrenia and Depression
- Cotswold Foundation
- National Institutes of Health (Z01-AG000949)
- National Institute on Aging (K24AG000949, Z01AG000949)
- National Institute of Mental Health (U24MH081810, MH081754, R01MH081754, R01MH604687)
- National Institute of General Medical Sciences (P20GM069012, P20-GM69012)
- National Center for Research Resources (UL1-RR024134-03, UL1RR024134)
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (P50HD055784)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Autism Spectrum Disorder Research
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Genomic variations and chromosomal abnormalities
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Genetics and Neurodevelopmental Disorders
- Keywords
- autism spectrum disorder, copy number variation, exon deletion, autism susceptibility genes, structural variants, multiplex families, NRXN1, UBE3A, 15q11-q13, rare variants, gene prioritization
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Autistic Disorder, Calcium-Binding Proteins, Child, Child, Preschool, Exons, Female, Humans, Male, Nerve Tissue Proteins, Pedigree, Cohort Studies, Cell Adhesion Molecules, Neuronal, Case-Control Studies, Sequence Deletion, Gene Dosage, Neural Cell Adhesion Molecules, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, Gene Duplication, Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases, Genome-Wide Association Study, Young Adult
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
