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Cited by 823Statistical Methods in EpidemiologyMeta-analysis and systematic reviewsStatistical Methods in Clinical Trials

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 69 of the 71 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Prognosis Research Strategy (PROGRESS) 2: Prognostic Factor Research

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Riley, Richard D., Hayden, Jill A., Steyerberg, Ewout W., Moons, Karel G. M., Abrams, Keith, Kyzas, Panayiotis A., Malats, Núria, Briggs, Andrew, Schroter, Sara, Altman, Douglas G., Hemingway, Harry, for the PROGRESS Group·2013·PLoS Medicine
DOI 10.1371/journal.pmed.1001380PMC PMC3564757
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Abstract

Prognostic factor research aims to identify factors associated with subsequent clinical outcome in people with a particular disease or health condition.In this article, the second in the PROGRESS series, the authors discuss the role of prognostic factors in current clinical practice, randomised trials, and developing new interventions, and explain why and how prognostic factor research should be improved.The Guidelines and Guidance section contains advice on conducting and reporting medical research.

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Crossref · 10.1371/journal.pmed.1001380

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Figures

Figure 1 Tumour grade as a prognostic factor in breast cancer. Kaplan-Meier curves for disease-free survival for three groups of breast cancer patients defined by tumour grade status (1, 2, or 3). Curves are derived from 246 breast cancer patients treated with tamoxifen who had 94 recurrences or deaths over a possible 7 years of follow-up (reproduced with published data relating to Schumacher et al [1]). The distinct curves, significant log rank result, and hazard ratio estimates suggests tumour grade is a prognostic factor, as it identifies three groups of patients with a different average prognosis.
Figure 1 Tumour grade as a prognostic factor in breast cancer. Kaplan-Meier curves for disease-free survival for three groups of breast cancer patients defined by tumour grade status (1, 2, or 3). Curves are derived from 246 breast cancer patients treated with tamoxifen who had 94 recurrences or deaths over a possible 7 years of follow-up (reproduced with published data relating to Schumacher et al [1]). The distinct curves, significant log rank result, and hazard ratio estimates suggests tumour grade is a prognostic factor, as it identifies three groups of patients with a different average prognosis.CC BY · PubMed Central
Figure 2 Evaluation of whether homocysteine is a prognostic factor, and whether modifying it improves clinical outcome in patients with coronary disease (drawn from data in [35]). Path element adapted from Chart 7.1 in the Cooksey report (2006) http://bit.ly/Ro27rL (made available for use and re-use through the Open Government License).
Figure 2 Evaluation of whether homocysteine is a prognostic factor, and whether modifying it improves clinical outcome in patients with coronary disease (drawn from data in [35]). Path element adapted from Chart 7.1 in the Cooksey report (2006) http://bit.ly/Ro27rL (made available for use and re-use through the Open Government License).CC BY · PubMed Central
Figure 3 Discovery of prognostic factors: a genome-wide association study of survival among people with breast cancer, and replication in 15 studies (Mid-figure forest plot based on example plots in [4]. Path element adapted from Chart 7.1 in the Cooksey report (2006) http://bit.ly/Ro27rL (made available for use and re-use through the Open Government License).
Figure 3 Discovery of prognostic factors: a genome-wide association study of survival among people with breast cancer, and replication in 15 studies (Mid-figure forest plot based on example plots in [4]. Path element adapted from Chart 7.1 in the Cooksey report (2006) http://bit.ly/Ro27rL (made available for use and re-use through the Open Government License).CC BY · PubMed Central

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Research works printed but not linked: 4

  1. 2008, NICE technology appraisal guidance 152: drug-eluting stents for the treatment of coronary artery disease (part review of NICE technology appraisal guidance 71), NICE
  2. 2010, NICE technology appraisal guidance 192: Gefitinib for the first-line treatment of locally advanced or metastatic non-small-cell lung cancer, NICE
  3. RD Riley, 2007, Prognosis research: toward evidence-based results and a Cochrane methods group, J Clin Epidemiol, 60, 863
  4. KG Moons, 2010, Criteria for scientific evaluation of novel markers: a perspective, Clin Chem, 56, 537, 10.1373/clinchem.2009.134155 · DOI

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Metadata

Authors
Riley, R. D., Hayden, J. A., Steyerberg, E. W., Moons, K. G. M., Abrams, K., Kyzas, P. A., Malats, N., Briggs, A., Schroter, S., Altman, D. G., Hemingway, H., & for the PROGRESS Group
Affiliations
  • University of Birmingham (GB)
  • Dalhousie University (CA)
  • Erasmus MC (NL)
  • University Medical Center Utrecht (NL)
  • University of Leicester (GB)
  • North Manchester General Hospital (GB)
  • Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (ES)
  • University of Glasgow (GB)
  • BMJ Group (United Kingdom) (GB)
  • University of Oxford (GB)
  • University College London (GB)
Corresponding author
Riley, Richard D.
ORCID
Venue
PLoS Medicine
Publisher
Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Published
2013-02-05
Volume
10
Issue
2
Pages
e1001380
ISSN
  • 1549-1277 (ISSN-L)
  • 1549-1676
DOI
10.1371/journal.pmed.1001380
PMC
PMC3564757
OpenAlex
W2100741073
Cited by
823
References
71
Citations by year
2026: 68 · 2025: 72 · 2024: 60 · 2023: 88 · 2022: 95 · 2021: 79 · 2020: 83 · 2019: 44 · 2018: 50 · 2017: 37 · 2016: 37 · 2015: 46 · 2014: 48 · 2013: 15
FWCI
9.57
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
Locations
  • PLoS Medicine (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • ENLIGHTEN (Jurnal Bimbingan dan Konseling Islam) (acceptedVersion)
  • EUR Research Repository (Erasmus University Rotterdam) (acceptedVersion)
  • EUR Research Repository (Erasmus University Rotterdam) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
  • RePub (Erasmus University Rotterdam) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
  • RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
  • DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
  • UCL Discovery (University College London) (submittedVersion)
  • Figshare (submittedVersion, cc-by)
  • Leicester Research Archive (University of Leicester) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
  • University of Birmingham Research Portal (University of Birmingham) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
Funders
  • Queen Mary University of London
  • National Institute for Social Care and Health Research
  • London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine
  • Wellcome Trust (086091, 086091/Z/08/Z)
  • Nova Scotia Health Research Foundation
  • Cancer Research UK (C5529)
  • National Institute for Health and Care Research (NF-SI-0509-10183, NI-SI-0508-10061, RP-PG-0407-10314, NF-SI-0512-10159, RP-PG-0407-10386)
  • British Heart Foundation
  • University of Birmingham
  • Dalhousie University
  • Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek (918.10.615)
  • Center for Translational Molecular Medicine (03O-203)
  • Versus Arthritis
  • Canadian Institutes of Health Research
  • Medical Research Council (G0800808, G0902393)
  • Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council
  • Economic and Social Research Council
Topics
  • Physical Sciences › Mathematics › Statistics and Probability › Statistical Methods in Epidemiology
  • Social Sciences › Decision Sciences › Statistics, Probability and Uncertainty › Meta-analysis and systematic reviews
  • Physical Sciences › Mathematics › Statistics and Probability › Statistical Methods in Clinical Trials
Keywords
prognostic factors, prognosis, clinical outcomes, research strategies, randomised trials, intervention development, research reporting, clinical practice
MeSH terms
Decision Support Techniques, Health Services Research, Humans, Predictive Value of Tests, Prognosis, Research Design, Risk Factors, Biomarkers, Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic, Treatment Outcome, Disease Progression, Risk Assessment, Biomedical Research

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