Cited by 130Child Nutrition and Water AccessUrban and Rural Development ChallengesGlobal Maternal and Child Health

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 30 of the 30 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Housing and child health in sub-Saharan Africa: A cross-sectional analysis

Open access

Tusting, Lucy S., Gething, Peter W., Gibson, Harry S., Greenwood, Brian, Knudsen, Jakob, Lindsay, Steve W., Bhatt, Samir·2020·PLoS Medicine

DOI 10.1371/journal.pmed.1003055PMC PMC7089421

Open this paper in CoChat — free account Open PDF

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Housing is essential to human well-being but neglected in global health. Today, housing in Africa is rapidly improving alongside economic development, creating an urgent need to understand how these changes can benefit health. We hypothesised that improved housing is associated with better health in children living in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). We conducted a cross-sectional analysis of housing conditions relative to a range of child health outcomes in SSA. METHODS AND FINDINGS: Cross-sectional data were analysed for 824,694 children surveyed in 54 Demographic and Health Surveys, 21 Malaria Indicator Surveys, and two AIDS Indicator Surveys conducted in 33 countries between 2001 and 2017 that measured malaria infection by microscopy or rapid diagnostic test (RDT), diarrhoea, acute respiratory infections (ARIs), stunting, wasting, underweight, or anaemia in children aged 0-5 years. The mean age of children was 2.5 years, and 49.7% were female. Housing was categorised into a binary variable based on a United Nations definition comparing improved housing (with improved drinking water, improved sanitation, sufficient living area, and finished building materials) versus unimproved housing (all other houses). Associations between house type and child health outcomes were determined using conditional logistic regression within surveys, adjusting for prespecified covariables including age, sex, household wealth, insecticide-treated bed net use, and vaccination status. Individual survey odds ratios (ORs) were pooled using random-effects meta-analysis. Across surveys, improved housing was associated with 8%-18% lower odds of all outcomes except ARI (malaria infection by microscopy: adjusted OR [aOR] 0.88, 95% confidence intervals [CIs] 0.80-0.97, p = 0.01; malaria infection by RDT: aOR 0.82, 95% CI 0.77-0.88, p < 0.001; diarrhoea: aOR 0.92, 95% CI 0.88-0.97, p = 0.001; ARI: aOR 0.96, 95% CI 0.87-1.07, p = 0.49; stunting: aOR 0.83, 95% CI 0.77-0.88, p < 0.001; wasting: aOR 0.90, 95% CI 0.83-0.99, p = 0.03; underweight: aOR 0.85, 95% CI 0.80-0.90, p < 0.001; any anaemia: aOR 0.87, 95% CI 0.82-0.92, p < 0.001; severe anaemia: aOR 0.89, 95% CI 0.84-0.95, p < 0.001). In comparison, insecticide-treated net use was associated with 16%-17% lower odds of malaria infection (microscopy: aOR 0.83, 95% CI 0.78-0.88, p < 0.001; RDT: aOR 0.84, 95% CI 0.79-0.88, p < 0.001). Drinking water source and sanitation facility alone were not associated with diarrhoea. The main study limitations are the use of self-reported diarrhoea and ARI, as well as potential residual confounding by socioeconomic position, despite adjustments for household wealth and education. CONCLUSIONS: In this study, we observed that poor housing, which includes inadequate drinking water and sanitation facility, is associated with health outcomes known to increase child mortality in SSA. Improvements to housing may be protective against a number of important childhood infectious diseases as well as poor growth outcomes, with major potential to improve children's health and survival across SSA.

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1371/journal.pmed.1003055

Cites

30 of 30 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Fig 1 Changes in housing in sub-Saharan Africa between 2000 and 2015. The maps show the absolute difference in prevalence (scale 0 to 1) of housing built with finished materials (A) and improved housing (B) in 2000 and 2015. Houses built with finished materials were those with at least two of three of the wall, roof, and floor made from finished materials (e.g., parquet, vinyl, tiled, cement, or carpet floor), rather than natural or unfinished materials (e.g., earth, sand, dung, or palm floor). Improved houses were those with improved water and sanitation, sufficient living area, and finished building materials. Results are derived from a geospatial model fitted to 62 surveys representing 661,945 households (building materials) and 59 surveys representing 629,298 households (house type) [13]. Areas in green show the greatest changes in housing. First published in Nature [13]. The base map was created by Samir Bhatt of the Malaria Atlas Project, Oxford.CC BY · PubMed Central

Fig 2 Housing development in sub-Saharan Africa. (A) Traditional, thatch-roof house in Upper River Region, The Gambia. (B) Modern building under construction in Tanga, Tanzania. (C) Incremental house construction in suburban Tanga, Tanzania. Houses range from approximately 20 years old with rusted roofs to new homes with coloured roofs. New foundations are also visible. Photographs were taken by Jakob Knudsen.CC BY · PubMed Central

Fig 3 Association between housing conditions and health in children aged 0–5 years in sub-Saharan Africa. Data are from 824,694 children surveyed in 54 Demographic and Health, 21 Malaria Indicator, and two AIDS Indicator Surveys conducted between 2001 and 2017 in 33 countries. Houses built with finished materials were those with at least two of three of the wall, roof, and floor made from finished materials (e.g., parquet, vinyl, tiled, cement, or carpet floor), rather than natural or unfinished materials (e.g., earth, sand, dung, or palm floor). Improved houses were those with improved water and sanitation, sufficient living area, and finished building materials. For comparison, insecticide-treated bed net use is included for malaria infection, and type of water source and sanitation facility are included for diarrhoea. The pooled reduction in odds of each outcome is shown to the left of the vertical line representing the null value. Odds ratios are adjusted for a suite of covariates defined a priori, including age, gender, vaccination coverage, and household characteristics (S3 Text), as well as geographic cluster. Summary effects are from random-effects analysis. Error bars show 95% CIs, and green colouring shows p < 0.05. CI, confidence interval; RDT, rapid diagnostic test.CC BY · PubMed Central

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

Meta-analysis in clinical trials
DerSimonian, R., & Laird, N. (1986) · Controlled Clinical Trials · doi:10.1016/0197-2456(86)90046-2 · Cited by 39,552 · cited 1×
“Individual survey odds ratios (ORs) were combined to produce a summary OR using random-effects meta-analysis [25].”
Method
Global, regional, and national age-sex-specific mortality for 282 causes of death in 195 countries and territories, 1980–2017: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017
Roth, G. A., Abate, D., Abate, K. H., Abay, S. M., Abbafati, C., Abbasi, N., Abbastabar, H., Abd-Allah, F., Abdela, J., Abdelalim, A., et al. (2018) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(18)32203-7 · Cited by 8,600
World Population Prospects The 2006 Revision
Zlotnik, H. (2007) · United Nations eBooks · Cited by 7,896
Global, regional, and national age-sex specific mortality for 264 causes of death, 1980–2016: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016
Naghavi, M., Abajobir, A. A., Abbafati, C., Abbas, K. M., Abd-Allah, F., Abera, S. F., Aboyans, V., Adetokunboh, O., Afshin, A., Agrawal, A., et al. (2017) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(17)32152-9 · Cited by 4,821
Constructing socio-economic status indices: how to use principal components analysis
Vyas, S., & Kumaranayake, L. (2006) · Health Policy and Planning · doi:10.1093/heapol/czl029 · Cited by 3,280 · cited 4×
“To condense these 12 assets into a single dimensional index, we tested isometric mapping, kernel principle component analysis, t-distributed stochastic neighbour embedding, and linear PCA.”
MethodInfluential
The effect of malaria control on Plasmodium falciparum in Africa between 2000 and 2015
Bhatt, S., Weiss, D. J., Cameron, E., Bisanzio, D., Mappin, B., Dalrymple, U., Battle, K. E., Moyes, C. L., Henry, A., Eckhoff, P. A., et al. (2015) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature15535 · Cited by 3,225
Self-citation
Evidence-based interventions for improvement of maternal and child nutrition: what can be done and at what cost?
Bhutta, Z. A., Das, J. K., Rizvi, A., Gaffey, M. F., Walker, N., Horton, S., Webb, P., Lartey, A., & Black, R. E. (2013) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(13)60996-4 · Cited by 3,093
Housing and Health: Time Again for Public Health Action
Krieger, J., & Higgins, D. L. (2002) · American Journal of Public Health · doi:10.2105/ajph.92.5.758 · Cited by 1,550 · cited 1×
“A lack of affordable housing has been linked to inadequate nutrition in other settings [7].”
Background
The sustainable development goals: 17 goals to transform our world
Clark, H., & Wu, H. (2016) · United Nations eBooks · doi:10.18356/69725e5a-en · Cited by 656
Report on the Sanitary Condition of the Labouring Population of Great Britain
MacNalty, A. S. (1965) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.2.5467.926-a · Cited by 476

Show all 30 references

Research works printed but not linked: 12

WHO-AFRO, 2019, Fact sheet on child health
E Chadwick, 1965, Britain
WHO, 2018, Housing and Health Guidelines
UN, 2015, World Population Prospects, 2015 Revision
ICF International, 2011, Demographic and Health Surveys Methodology
WHO, 2018, Global reference list of 100 core health indicators (plus health-related SDGs)
WHO, 2011, Haemoglobin concentrations for the diagnosis of anaemia and assessment of severity
UN, 2012, Indicators for monitoring the Millennium Development Goals: 7.10 Proportion of urban population living in slums 2012
World Health Organization, 2015, Progress on sanitation and drinking water– 2015 update and MDG assessment
SO Rutstein, 2015, Steps to constructing the new DHS Wealth Index
WHO, 2016, Burning opportunity: clean household energy for health, sustainable development, and wellbeing of women and children
Institute MG, 2016, Lions on the move II: Realizing the potential of Africa's economies

Sorted by citations

Changing Dietary Habits: The Impact of Urbanization and Rising Socio-Economic Status in Families from Burkina Faso in Sub-Saharan Africa
Casari, S., Paola, M. D., Banci, E., Diallo, S., Scarallo, L., Renzo, S., Gori, A., Renzi, S., Paci, M., de Mast, Q., et al. (2022) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu14091782 · Cited by 160
The state of earthen housing worldwide: how development affects attitudes and adoption
Marsh, A., & Kulshreshtha, Y. (2021) · Building Research & Information · doi:10.1080/09613218.2021.1953369 · Cited by 89
Household, dietary and healthcare factors predicting childhood stunting in Ethiopia
Ayelign, A., & Zerfu, T. A. (2021) · Heliyon · doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e06733 · Cited by 72
“Our findings are in lined with previous studies (Apio et al., 2019; Beal et al., 2018; Binagwaho et al., 2020; Bogale et al., 2020; Kismul et al., 2018; Karlsson et al., 2020; Tusting et al., 2020).”
Result
Risk Factors Associated with Malnutrition among Children Under-Five Years in Sub-Saharan African Countries: A Scoping Review
Obasohan, P. E., Walters, S. J., Jacques, R., & Khatab, K. (2020) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph17238782 · Cited by 71
“…and interaction terms, source of drinking water and mother’s BMI Nil Nil Nil Children whose mothers are uneducated are at higher risk of being stunted Tusting et al. (2020) [33] To establish that improved housing is associated with improved child health in SSA stunting, wasting and…”
BackgroundInfluential
Impact and cost-effectiveness of a lethal house lure against malaria transmission in central Côte d'Ivoire: a two-arm, cluster-randomised controlled trial
Sternberg, E. D., Cook, J., Alou, L. P. A., Assi, S. B., Koffi, A. A., Doudou, D. T., Aoura, C. J., Wolie, R. Z., Oumbouke, W. A., Worrall, E., et al. (2021) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(21)00250-6 · Cited by 57
Association between water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) and child undernutrition in Ethiopia: a hierarchical approach
Sahiledengle, B., Petrucka, P. M., Kumie, A., Mwanri, L., Beressa, G., Atlaw, D., Tekalegn, Y., Zenbaba, D., Desta, F., & Agho, K. (2022) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/s12889-022-14309-z · Cited by 63
“Current evidence clearly shows that the housing environment has significantly impacts children’s growth and development [55, 56].”
Background
Malaria risk factors in northern Namibia: The importance of occupation, age and mobility in characterizing high-risk populations
Smith, J. L., Mumbengegwi, D. R., Haindongo, E., Cueto, C., Roberts, K. W., Gosling, R. D., Uusiku, P., Kleinschmidt, I., Bennett, A. F., & Sturrock, H. J. W. (2021) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0252690 · Cited by 63
Recommendations for building out mosquito-transmitted diseases in sub-Saharan Africa: the DELIVER mnemonic
Lindsay, S. W., Davies, M., Alabaster, G., Altamirano, H., Jatta, E., Jawara, M., Carrasco-Tenezaca, M., von Seidlein, L., Shenton, F. C., Tusting, L. S., et al. (2020) · Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences · doi:10.1098/rstb.2019.0814 · Cited by 48
A review of the impact of shelter design on the health of displaced populations
Conzatti, A., Kershaw, T., Copping, A., & Coley, D. (2022) · Journal of International Humanitarian Action · doi:10.1186/s41018-022-00123-0 · Cited by 51
Geospatial and environmental determinants of stunting, wasting, and underweight: Empirical evidence from rural South and Southeast Asia
Rahut, D. B., Mishra, R., & Bera, S. (2023) · Nutrition · doi:10.1016/j.nut.2023.112346 · Cited by 93
A Scoping Review of Selected Studies on Predictor Variables Associated with the Malaria Status among Children under Five Years in Sub-Saharan Africa
Obasohan, P. E., Walters, S. J., Jacques, R., & Khatab, K. (2021) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph18042119 · Cited by 42
Housing environment and early childhood development in sub-Saharan Africa: A cross-sectional analysis
Gao, Y., Zhang, L., Ashish, K. C., Wang, Y., Zou, S., Chen, C., Huang, Y., Mi, X., & Zhou, H. (2021) · PLoS Medicine · doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.1003578 · Cited by 42
“Our definition was aligned with 2 recent studies that explored changes in housing and their impact on child health in SSA [9,16].”
BackgroundMethodResultInfluential
Improved housing versus usual practice for additional protection against clinical malaria in The Gambia (RooPfs): a household-randomised controlled trial
Pinder, M., Bradley, J., Jawara, M., Affara, M., Conteh, L., Correa, S., Jeffries, D. J., Jones, C. O. H., Kandeh, B., Knudsen, J., et al. (2021) · The Lancet Planetary Health · doi:10.1016/s2542-5196(21)00002-4 · Cited by 39
Housing conditions and respiratory health in children in mining communities: An analysis of data from 27 countries in sub-Saharan Africa
Dietler, D., Loss, G. J., Farnham, A., de Hoogh, K., Fink, G., Utzinger, J., & Winkler, M. S. (2021) · Environmental Impact Assessment Review · doi:10.1016/j.eiar.2021.106591 · Cited by 38
Mapping socioeconomic inequalities in malaria in Sub-Sahara African countries
Carrasco‐Escobar, G., Fornace, K., & Benmarhnia, T. (2021) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-021-94601-x · Cited by 31
Malaria among under-five children in Ethiopia: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Biset, G., Tadesse, A. W., Tegegne, K. D., Tilahun, L., & Gebeyehu, N. A. (2022) · Malaria Journal · doi:10.1186/s12936-022-04370-9 · Cited by 30
“8%) [46], (21%) [47], and (26%) [48], the national malaria survey in Gambella (21%) [49], a study in Uganda (19.”
BackgroundResult
Proximity of Residence to Irrigation Determines Malaria Risk and Anopheles Abundance at an Irrigated Agroecosystem in Malawi
Mangani, C., Frake, A. N., Chipula, G., Mkwaila, W., Kakota, T., Mambo, I., Chim'gonda, J., Mathanga, D., Mzilahowa, T., Zulu, L., et al. (2022) · The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene · doi:10.4269/ajtmh.21-0390 · Cited by 28
“However, a recent meta-analysis from 21 studies from sub-Saharan Africa countries conducted between 2008 and 2015 found that modern housing was associated with a 9–14% reduction in the odds of malaria infection compared with traditional housing.(65) There has been an incremental improvement in quality of housing acros…”
Background
Intimate Partner Violence against Women Living in Inadequate Conditions in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Meta-Analysis of Demographic and Health Survey Data
Gao, Y., Wang, Y., Mi, X., Zhou, M., Zou, S., & Zhou, H. (2021) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph181910138 · Cited by 24
“If the material of more than one out of three components of its floor, roof, and wall could be classified as “unfinished” based on the DHS criteria (Supplementary Table S2), then the house’s building material was considered as unfinished [5,20].”
Background
Ambient Air Pollution and Respiratory Health in Sub-Saharan African Children: A Cross-Sectional Analysis
Cai, Y. S., Gibson, H. S., Ramakrishnan, R., Mamouei, M., & Rahimi, K. (2021) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph18189729 · Cited by 22
“As with a previous study [18], outcomes were derived from answers to the two questionnaire items reported by mothers or other caregivers: (1) “Has the child had an illness with a cough at any time in the last two weeks?” and (2) “Has the child had fast, short, rapid breaths or difficulty breathing at any time in the l…”
Method
Spatial variation in lymphatic filariasis risk factors of hotspot zones in Ghana
Kwarteng, E. V. S., Andam‐Akorful, S. A., Kwarteng, A., Asare, D.-C. B. M., Quaye‐Ballard, J. A., Osei, F., & Duker, A. A. (2021) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/s12889-021-10234-9 · Cited by 21
Mapping local variation in household overcrowding across Africa from 2000 to 2018: a modelling study
Chipeta, M. G., Kumaran, E. A. P., Browne, A. J., Hamadani, B. H. K., Haines–Woodhouse, G., Sartorius, B. K. D., Reiner, R. C., Dolecek, C., Hay, S. I., & Moore, C. E. (2022) · The Lancet Planetary Health · doi:10.1016/s2542-5196(22)00149-8 · Cited by 21
Association between Household Crowding and Violent Discipline and Neglect of Children: Analysis of Multiple Indicator Cluster Surveys in 26 Low- and Middle-Income Countries
Gao, Y., Mi, X., Wang, Y., Zou, S., & Zhou, H. (2021) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph18041685 · Cited by 19
House design and risk of malaria, acute respiratory infection and gastrointestinal illness in Uganda: A cohort study
Musiime, A. K., Krezanoski, P. J., Smith, D. L., Kilama, M., Conrad, M. D., Otto, G., Kyagamba, P., Rwatooro, J. A., Rek, J. C., Nankabirwa, J. I., et al. (2022) · PLOS Global Public Health · doi:10.1371/journal.pgph.0000063 · Cited by 14
“With urbanisation, population expansion and economic growth, housing is widely changing across SSA, offering major potential for improvements in health [9].”
BackgroundResultInfluential
Participatory development of practical, affordable, insecticide-treated mosquito proofing for a range of housing designs in rural southern Tanzania
Msoffe, R. V., Hewitt, M., Masalu, J. P., Finda, M., Kavishe, D. R., Okumu, F. O., Mpolya, E. A., Kaindoa, E. W., & Killeen, G. F. (2022) · Malaria Journal · doi:10.1186/s12936-022-04333-0 · Cited by 16
Effects of indoor air movement and ambient temperature on mosquito (Anopheles gambiae) behaviour around bed nets: implications for malaria prevention initiatives
SUTCLIFFE, J. F., & Yin, S. (2021) · Malaria Journal · doi:10.1186/s12936-021-03957-y · Cited by 15
Geographical variation of common childhood illness and its associated factors among under-five children in Ethiopia: spatial and multilevel analysis
Chilot, D., Diress, M., Gela, Y. Y., Sinamaw, D., Simegn, W., Andualem, A. A., Seid, A. M., Bitew, D. A., Seid, M. A., Eshetu, H. B., et al. (2023) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-023-27728-8 · Cited by 15
The urban syndemic of COVID-19: insights, reflections and implications
Ellis, G., Grant, M., Brown, C., Caiaffa, W. T., Shenton, F. C., Lindsay, S. W., Dora, C. F. C., Nguendo-Yongsi, H. B., & Morgan, S. (2021) · Cities & Health · doi:10.1080/23748834.2021.1894843 · Cited by 16
“Ultimately, our mission is to improve housing quality in Low-to-Middle Income Countries (Tusting et al. 2019, 2020) and help make our communities resilient against the considerable threat from infectious diseases.”
Background
Child health and the housing environment
Brown, C., Ravallion, M. D., & van de Walle, D. (2023) · World Development · doi:10.1016/j.worlddev.2023.106265 · Cited by 14
Intimate partner violence and childhood health outcomes in 37 sub-Saharan African countries: an analysis of demographic health survey data from 2011 to 2022
Dadi, A. F., Ahmed, K. Y., Berhane, Y., Bizuayehu, H. M., Tesema, G. A., Abate, K. H., Kibret, G. D., Ketema, D. B., Bore, M. G., Belachew, S. A., et al. (2024) · The Lancet Global Health · doi:10.1016/s2214-109x(24)00313-9 · Cited by 14
Child undernutrition and its association with household environmental conditions in Bangladesh
Khan, M. M. A., Billah, M. A., Fatima, K., Islam, M. M., Sarker, B. K., Khanam, S. J., Banke-Thomas, A. O., & Khan, M. N. (2024) · Public Health Nutrition · doi:10.1017/s1368980024002325 · Cited by 12
“Inthe LMIC contexts, living in houses constructed with poor housing materials and exposure to HAP are widely known global risks of under-5 stunting and align greatly with our findings (33,40,41) .”
Spatial variation in housing construction material in low- and middle-income countries: A Bayesian spatial prediction model of a key infectious diseases risk factor and social determinant of health
Colston, J. M., Fang, B., Nong, M. K., Chernyavskiy, P., Annapareddy, N., Lakshmi, V., & Kosek, M. N. (2024) · PLOS Global Public Health · doi:10.1371/journal.pgph.0003338 · Cited by 12
Concurrent wasting and stunting among under‐five children in the context of Ethiopia: A generalised mixed‐effects modelling
Sahiledengle, B., Agho, K., Petrucka, P. M., Kumie, A., Beressa, G., Atlaw, D., Tekalegn, Y., Zenbaba, D., Desta, F., & Mwanri, L. (2023) · Maternal and Child Nutrition · doi:10.1111/mcn.13483 · Cited by 18
“These factors singly and collectively may contribute to childhood undernutrition (Gao et al., 2021; Sahiledengle et al., 2022; Tusting et al., 2020).”
Background
Prevalence and associated factors of common childhood illnesses in sub-Saharan Africa from 2010 to 2020: a cross-sectional study
Chilot, D., Belay, D. G., Shitu, K., Mulat, B., Alem, A. Z., & Geberu, D. M. (2022) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2022-065257 · Cited by 11
The efficacy of insecticide-treated window screens and eaves against Anopheles mosquitoes: a scoping review
Anaele, B. I., Varshney, K., Ugwu, F. S. O., & Frasso, R. (2021) · Malaria Journal · doi:10.1186/s12936-021-03920-x · Cited by 11
Household Water Access, Dietary Diversity and Nutritional Status among Preschoolers in Poor, Rural Areas of Central and Western China
Gao, Y., Sheng, J., Mi, X., Zhou, M., Zou, S., & Zhou, H. (2022) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu14030458 · Cited by 16
“The household wealth quintile was constructed following the method recommended by the World Food Programme [33,34].”
Method
Housing and health outcomes: evidence on child morbidities from six Sub-Saharan African countries
Muindi, K., Iddi, S., Gitau, H., & Mberu, B. U. (2023) · BMC Pediatrics · doi:10.1186/s12887-023-03992-5 · Cited by 10
“[15], found reductions in diseases that are leading causes of child mortality including diarrhoea and respiratory illness among children living in housing with some of the attributes we considered in the healthy housing status i.”
Background
Geospatial correlations and variations in child mortality and stunting in South Africa: Evaluating distal vs structural determinants
Wand, H. C., Moodley, J., Reddy, T., & Naidoo, S. (2024) · Spatial and Spatio-temporal Epidemiology · doi:10.1016/j.sste.2024.100653 · Cited by 9
Examining the paradox: increased malaria risk in children under 5 in female-headed households in Nigeria
Xing, S.-Y., Zhang, H.-T., Wang, L., Lu, H.-Z., Peng, Z., Liu, M., Li, C.-X., & Deng, S. (2024) · Malaria Journal · doi:10.1186/s12936-024-04997-w · Cited by 10
Determinants of aggregate anthropometric failure among children under-five years in Ethiopia: Application of multilevel mixed-effects negative binomial regression modeling
Sahiledengle, B., & Mwanri, L. (2024) · PLOS Global Public Health · doi:10.1371/journal.pgph.0003305 · Cited by 10
On the impact of urban planning in contexts with limited enforcement of building and planning regulations: A study of the urban form of planned and unplanned informal settlements in Maputo, Mozambique
Mottelson, J. (2023) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0292045 · Cited by 9
“More specifically, non-compliance with building regulations can lead to emergence of sub-standard housing conditions that increase exposure to disease and risk of building collapse [5, 6].”
Background
Qualitative Exploration of Health Professionals’ Perceptions of Addressing Malnutrition Within the First 1,000 Days
Nyarko, M. J., ten Ham‐Baloyi, W., & van Rooyen, D. R. M. (2024) · Journal of Nutrition Education and Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.jneb.2024.03.010 · Cited by 14
“26 In our study, teenage pregnancy was perceived as another socioeconomic factor contributing to malnutrition in children.”
Background
Identification of Factors Influencing Anemia among Children Aged 6–59 Months in Ethiopia Using Ethiopia Demographic and Health Survey 2016 Data
Woldegebriel, A. G., Gebreegziabiher, G., Desta, A. A., Ajemu, K. F., Berhe, A. A., Woldearegay, T. W., & Bezabih, N. M. (2021) · Pediatric Health Medicine and Therapeutics · doi:10.2147/phmt.s283681 · Cited by 8
Double burden of malnutrition among under-five children in Eastern and Southern African countries
Gebremichael, B., Abera, A., Biadgilign, S., Baye, K., Zhou, S. J., & Haile, D. (2025) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-025-87144-y · Cited by 7
Spatial mobility and large-scale resource extraction: An analysis of community well-being and health in a copper mining area of Zambia
Farnham, A., Winkler, M. S., Zabré, H. R., Divall, M. J., Fink, G., & Knoblauch, A. M. (2021) · The Extractive Industries and Society · doi:10.1016/j.exis.2021.101016 · Cited by 7
Internally displaced people in Lagos: environmental health conditions and access to healthcare in the context of COVID-19
Adejoh, S. O., Кузнецова, И. Б., & Dhesi, S. (2022) · Critical Public Health · doi:10.1080/09581596.2022.2096427 · Cited by 7
“There are both short- and longer-term implications of these difficulties for IDPs’ mental and physical health, with evidence that poor housing and sanitation are associated with health outcomes linked to increased child mortality (Tusting et al., 2020).”
Background
Home environmental interventions for prevention of respiratory tract infections: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Kua, K. P., & Lee, S. W. H. (2021) · Reviews on Environmental Health · doi:10.1515/reveh-2020-0169 · Cited by 6
Effect of a single dose of oral azithromycin on malaria parasitaemia in children: a randomized controlled trial
Coulibaly, B., Sié, A., Dah, C., Bountogo, M., Ouattara, M., Compaoré, A., Nikiema, M., Tiansi, J. N., Sibiri, N. D., Brogdon, J. M., et al. (2021) · Malaria Journal · doi:10.1186/s12936-021-03895-9 · Cited by 7
“Children with a baseline infection may have been at higher risk of repeated infection, for example, due to environmental or behavioural factors such as improved housing materials or proximity to standing water, or children with positive smears at baseline may have still been positive at 14 days [25, 26].”
Background
Akkermansia muciniphila Associated with Improved Linear Growth among Young Children, Democratic Republic of the Congo
George, C. M., Birindwa, A., Li, S., Williams, C., Kuhl, J., Thomas, E., François, R., Sanvura, P., Bisimwa, J., Mirindi, P. N., et al. (2023) · Emerging infectious diseases · doi:10.3201/eid2901.212118 · Cited by 6
“We included household wall type as a measure of socioeconomic status of the household, which has been associated with child growth (24).”
Method
Examining Wealth Trends in Kombewa, Kenya
McLorg, A., Omolo, K., Sifuna, P., Shaw, A., Walia, B., & Larsen, D. A. (2021) · Social Indicators Research · doi:10.1007/s11205-021-02677-9 · Cited by 6
Household characteristics, water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) and malaria prevalence among children aged 6–59 months in Ghana: an analysis of the 2022 Ghana Demographic and Health Survey
Klu, D., Alhassan, A., Vidzro, S. E., & Aberese-Ako, M. (2026) · Malaria Journal · doi:10.1186/s12936-026-05815-1 · Cited by 5
“Evidence suggests that improved waste management, safe water storage, and access to proper sanitation facilities can significantly reduce malaria transmission [20–22].”
Demographic Characteristics and Low Iron Status Markers Are Associated with Hemoglobin Levels and Anemia among Children Living at High Elevation in Cusco, Peru
Caravedo, M. A., Morales, M. L., Tanabe, M. B., López, M., White, A. C., & Cabada, M. M. (2024) · American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene · doi:10.4269/ajtmh.23-0666 · Cited by 5
Mapping Spatial Variation and Impact of the National MDA Program on Lymphatic Filariasis Elimination in Ghana: An Initial Study
Kwarteng, E. V. S., Osei, F., Andam‐Akorful, S. A., Kwarteng, A., Asare, D.-C. B. M., Quaye‐Ballard, J. A., & Duker, A. A. (2022) · Frontiers in Tropical Diseases · doi:10.3389/fitd.2022.811909 · Cited by 5
Risk Factors of Diarrhoea Among Under-Five Children in Zimbabwe: A Systematic Review
Mohammadnezhad, M. (2023) · American Journal of Biomedical Science & Research · doi:10.34297/ajbsr.2023.19.002591 · Cited by 5
Risk factors associated with house entry of malaria vectors in an area of Burkina Faso with high, persistent malaria transmission and high insecticide resistance
Yaro, J. B., Tiono, A. B., Sanou, A., Toé, K. H., Bradley, J., Ouédraogo, A., Ouedraogo, Z. A., Guelbeogo, M. W., Agboraw, E., Worrall, E., et al. (2021) · Malaria Journal · doi:10.1186/s12936-021-03926-5 · Cited by 5
Effects of Indoor Environmental Quality in Urban Housing on Residents' Health and Wellbeing in Nigeria
Akande, O. K., Yusuf, A., & Sham, R. B. (2023) · Environment-Behaviour Proceedings Journal · doi:10.21834/ebpj.v8i23.4505 · Cited by 5
Cognitive Health Costs of Poor Housing for Women: Exploring Executive Function and Housing Stress in Urban Slums in India
Vaid, U. G. (2024) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph21121710 · Cited by 4
“Living in poor quality housing has been associated with various communicable diseases [3,4], non-communicable diseases including asthma [5] and hypertension [6], higher childhood mortality [7], as well as mental health problems [8,9]; for a review see [10].”
Does piped water improve adolescent health? Empirical evidence from rural China
Dong, J., Zhang, K., Yin, X., Li, H., & Koondhar, M. A. (2021) · Review of Development Economics · doi:10.1111/rode.12759 · Cited by 4
Family Health Behavior: Preventive Measures against Acute Respiratory Infections in Under-5 Children
Puspitasari, M. D., & Rahardja, M. B. (2021) · International Journal of Preventive Medicine · doi:10.4103/ijpvm.ijpvm_580_20 · Cited by 4
“[35] Some factors, such as improved household sanitation,[36,37] younger age, and higher economic status, are associated with a decrease in the risk of under‑5 children suffering from ARI.”
BackgroundInfluential
Spatial targeting of Screening + Eave tubes (SET), a house-based malaria control intervention, in Côte d’Ivoire: A geostatistical modelling study
Canelas, T., Thomsen, E. K., McDermott, D. P., Sternberg, E. D., Thomas, M. B., & Worrall, E. (2021) · PLOS Global Public Health · doi:10.1371/journal.pgph.0000030 · Cited by 4
Housing and Child Health in South Africa: The Value of Longitudinal Research
Chatindiara, K., Marais, L., & Cloete, J. (2022) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph19052497 · Cited by 5
“conditions are likely to cause child mortality since children spend more time at home than adults and are thus more likely to be affected [8].”
Background
COVID-19 & informal settlements: is ‘Stay Home’ safe?
Nix, E., Paulose, J., Lakhanpaul, M., Factor-Litvak, P. R., Parikh, P., Altamirano, H., Karim, Y. B., & Manikam, L. (2022) · UCL Open Environment · doi:10.14324/111.444/ucloe.000038 · Cited by 4
“Housing has been often missed from the global health agenda, looked through the lens of affordability and access, and considered physically adequate when built from finished materials, with sufficient space and having access to water and sanitation [12].”
Background
Understanding inequities in child mortality in Egypt: Socioeconomic and proximate factors
Abdelhady, M., & Farag, M. (2023) · Global Public Health · doi:10.1080/17441692.2023.2276861 · Cited by 4
“In 2020, Tusting et al. and Yang et al. found an increased risk posed by unprotected water sources and sanitation on child health in the Sub-Saharan Africa region (Tusting et al., 2020; Yang et al., 2020).”
Background
Climate Change and Malaria: A Call for Robust AnalyticsPreprint
Laydon, D. J., Smith, D. L., Chakradeo, K., Khurana, M. P., Okiring, J., Duchêne, D. A., & Bhatt, S. (2024) · medRxiv · doi:10.1101/2024.09.16.24313623 · Cited by 5
“The distribution of malaria, and its transmission intensity and seasonality have been shaped by a range of factors: climate [1–3], mosquito ecology and biogeography [4], malaria control [5], economic development [6], human genetics [7, 8], and history [9].”
Child Stunting and Temperature Anomalies: A Cross-Sectional Study in Burkina Faso and Kenya
Mansfield, T. C., Brown, M. E., & Gore, M. L. (2025) · Children · doi:10.3390/children12101346 · Cited by 4
“…and Health Surveys (DHS) across sub-Saharan Africa including Kenya and Burkina Faso findings revealed that monthly mean daytime land surface temperatures exceeding 35 ◦ C were significantly associated with increased odds of wasting, underweight, and concurrent stunting with wasting [33].”
Drone imagery for roof detection, classification, and segmentation to support mosquito-borne disease risk assessment: The Nacala-Roof-Material dataset
Guthula, V. B., Oehmcke, S., Chilaule, R. V. E., Zhang, H., Lang, N., Kariryaa, A., Mottelson, J., & Igel, C. (2025) · Science of Remote Sensing · doi:10.1016/j.srs.2025.100306 · Cited by 3
More than just a home: the impact of household conditions on early childhood development in Jordan
Al-Masaeid, M., & Almomani, M. (2026) · Health Education · doi:10.1108/he-09-2025-0168 · Cited by 3
The Role of African Nurse Diaspora in Addressing Public Health Priorities in Africa
Ezeonwu, M. C. (2021) · Global Qualitative Nursing Research · doi:10.1177/23333936211031501 · Cited by 3
“…et al., 2018), poor water and air quality, poor sanitation, environmental degradation (Bradshaw et al., 2019; Yang et al., 2020), poor housing (Tusting et al., 2020), political instability and conflicts (Atti & Gulis, 2017), social and ethnic stratification and inequality (Ichoku et al.,…”
Background
A sensitive mass spectrometry-based method to identify common respiratory pathogens in children
Hu, L., Zhang, S., Song, W., Fang, D., Xie, Z., Chen, X., Liu, M., Cui, B., Zhang, Y., Zhang, R., et al. (2023) · Microbiology Spectrum · doi:10.1128/spectrum.01858-23 · Cited by 3
Predicting determinants of unimproved water supply in Ethiopia using machine learning analysis of EDHS-2019 data
Azanaw, J., Melese, M., & Worede, E. A. (2025) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-025-96412-w · Cited by 3
Lack of Associations between Environmental Exposures and Environmental Enteric Dysfunction among 18-Month-Old Children in Rural Malawi
Liu, Z., Fan, Y., Ashorn, P., Chingwanda, C., Maleta, K. M., Hallamaa, L., Hyöty, H., Chaima, D., & Ashorn, U. (2022) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph191710891 · Cited by 6
The influence of home and environmental characteristics on 5–18 years old children's health during the COVID-19 pandemic: A cross-sectional study in Iran
Golzarpour, M., Santana, P., Sajjadi, H., Harouni, G. G., da Costa, C. H., Ziapour, A., Azizi, S. A., Akbari, M., & Afrashteh, S. (2023) · Frontiers in Public Health · doi:10.3389/fpubh.2023.1134411 · Cited by 3
Impact of Low Birth Weight and Other Determinants on Stunting in Children Under-Five Years Old: Evidence from Indonesia’s Nutrition Status Survey
Rahmadiani, I., Fibriana, A. I., Nisa, A. A., Shabbir, S. A., & Azam, M. (2025) · International Journal of Preventive Medicine · doi:10.4103/ijpvm.ijpvm_242_24 · Cited by 2
Sociodemographic and ecological factors associated with malaria and malaria recurrence risk in children in Msambweni, Kwale County, Kenya
Amugongo, J. S., LaBeaud, A. D., Bosire, C. M., Bisanzio, D., Nzaro, M., Ngari, M. M., Vu, D. M., Ndenga, B. A., & Mutuku, F. M. (2025) · Malaria Journal · doi:10.1186/s12936-025-05657-3 · Cited by 2
“…water Unprotected (River/rain/public well) 1756 [74] 826 [83] 157 [78] [87] Protected (Piped/well inside the compound) 615 [26] 166 [17] 45 [22] [13] Source of house lighting Paraffin 1533 [65] 790 [80] 141 [70] [83] Electricity 781 [33] 178 [18] 57 [28] [15] Solar 57 (2.4) 24 (2.4) 4 (2.0) (1.7)”
Influential
Informal housing adaptation to sociocultural and environmental conditions: Peri-urban dwelling practices under rapid urbanization in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
Mottelson, J., Chilaule, R. V. E., Mlacha, Y. P., Limwagu, A. J., Chaki, E., Skalbo, E., Kruse, M. M., Streich, O. S. C., Ulriksen, M. B., Klüver, T., et al. (2026) · Cities · doi:10.1016/j.cities.2026.107053 · Cited by 2
Global Infant Health
Mwinga, K., Mwinga, N., & Nomaguchi, T. (2021) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-45009-0_44 · Cited by 2
Evaluation of socio-economic and environmental conditions of slum dwellers towards sustainable healthy environment
Adeniyi, L. A., & Olayiwola, A. M. (2024) · Journal of Housing and the Built Environment · doi:10.1007/s10901-024-10171-0 · Cited by 2
“However, shreds of evidence avail on the relation - ship between ill health and poor housing conditions (Mberu et al., 2016; Adebowale et al., 2017; Tusting et al., 2020 ).”
Determinación social en la ocurrencia de anemia ferropénica en niños: una revisión sistemática
Infantozzi, F. C., Thumé, E., & Nedel, F. (2022) · Revista Uruguaya de Enfermería · doi:10.33517/rue2022v17n1a7 · Cited by 2
Low COVID-19–related knowledge and access to adequate handwashing among patients with chronic diseases in rural Rwanda: a cross-sectional survey
Nshimyiryo, A., Barnhart, D. A., Kateera, F., Mazimpaka, C., Niyigena, A., Ngoga, G., Uwamahoro, P., Galaris, J., Gato, S., Umugisha, J. P., et al. (2022) · Journal of Global Health Reports · doi:10.29392/001c.36464 · Cited by 2
Narrative Review on Endemic Communicable Diseases in Africa: Mortality and Morbidity Trends, Impacts on Families, and the Way Forward
Tartour, A. I., Osman, T., Javed, R., Ali, R., Syed, A., Elnour, F. A., Saeed, A., Bansal, D., Al-Romaihi, H. E., & Farag, E. (2024) · Qatar journal of public health. · doi:10.5339/qjph.2023.9 · Cited by 2
Mapping Local Variation in Household Overcrowding Across Africa from 2000 to 2018: A Modelling StudyPreprint
Chipeta, M. G., Kumaran, E. A. P., Browne, A. J., Hamadani, B. H. K., Haines–Woodhouse, G., Sartorius, B. K. D., Reiner, R. C., Dolecek, C., Hay, S. I., & Moore, C. E. (2022) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.4000670 · Cited by 2
Risk Factors Associated With House Entry of Malaria Vectors in an Area of Burkina Faso With High, Persistent Malaria Transmission and High Insecticide ResistancePreprint
Yaro, J. B., Tiono, A. B., Sanou, A., Toé, K. H., Bradley, J., Ouédraogo, A., Ouedraogo, Z. A., Guelbeogo, M. W., Agboraw, E., Worrall, E., et al. (2021) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-273831/v1 · Cited by 2
HUBUNGAN KONDISI FISIK RUMAH DAN KEBIASAAN MEROKOK ANGGOTA KELUARGA DENGAN KEJADIAN INFEKSI SALURAN PERNAPASAN AKUT (ISPA) PADA BALITA DI KABUPATEN OGAN ILIR, SUMATERA SELATAN
Azzahra, H., Razak, R., Budiastuti, A., & Ramadhanti, I. T. (2024) · PREPOTIF Jurnal Kesehatan Masyarakat · doi:10.31004/prepotif.v8i3.37571 · Cited by 1
“Peningkatan kualitas rumah melalui penggunaan bahan bangunan yang baik dan penyediaan ruang untuk tinggal yang memadai ( sufficient living area ), dapat mencegah munculnya masalah kesehatan pada anak (Tustingi et al., 2020).”
Understanding household dynamics differently: A multilevel analysis of individual, household, and community influences on household size for sustainable development in Northern Ghana
Moomin, S. T., Sidik, M. G., Ahmed, S. D., Gawusu, S., Jamatutu, S. A., & Abdul-Fatawu, M. (2025) · World Development Sustainability · doi:10.1016/j.wds.2025.100250 · Cited by 1
Explore linkages between shared sanitation facilities and socio-economic drivers: a case study from South Twenty-four Parganas, West Bengal
Roy, C., Sati, V. P., Sharma, M., Banerjee, S., & Kalbalia, P. (2025) · Discover Public Health · doi:10.1186/s12982-025-01205-1 · Cited by 1
“Strengthening healthcare infrastructure in vulnerable villages is essential, potentially involving the establishment of local health centres, mobile health units, and the training of community health workers [62–64].”
An assessment of knowledge, practices, and malaria parasitaemia among artisanal gold miners and community members in Mudzi, Zimbabwe
Fambirai, T., & Chimbari, M. J. (2025) · Malaria Journal · doi:10.1186/s12936-025-05770-3 · Cited by 1
Child Deprivation and Multidimensional Child Poverty Among Children Under Five Years in an Urban Slum in Enugu State, Nigeria: Evidence Based on Health, Housing and Sanitation Dimensions And Indicators
Ozughalu, U. M., & Ozughalu, J. N. (2026) · Child Indicators Research · doi:10.1007/s12187-025-10319-6 · Cited by 1
Modeling cross disease vulnerability in Africa using environmental and social determinants to predict malaria risk and susceptibility to dengue chikungunya and measles
Sefah, B., Abakah, E., Bosangi, D., Asante, D., Boateng, F., Agyemang, T. S., & Affum, C. (2026) · Discover Public Health · doi:10.1186/s12982-026-01528-7 · Cited by 1
“More densely populated or urbanized areas may benefit from reduced mosquito habitats, improved access to healthcare, and more effective vector control interventions [13, 19].”
Spatio-temporal heterogeneity of urban malaria in Libreville, Gabon (2012–2023): neighborhood-level hotspot analysis for micro-stratified control
Mohamed-Djawad, M. H., Ditombi, B. M., Ngomo, J. M. N., Nguema, O. A. M., Agbanrin, A. A., Ngondza, B. P., Kono, H. N., Nymane, T., Ombago, J., Migueba, V., et al. (2026) · Malaria Journal · doi:10.1186/s12936-026-05865-5 · Cited by 1
“These findings are in line with multi-country analyses showing that gradients of urbani-sation, housing quality, and infrastructure availability are key determinants of malaria risk across sub-Saharan Africa [34, 49, 50].”
Household and community-based approaches to malaria and cholera prevention: A narrative review with case studies from Uganda and Mozambique
Guido, G., Totaro, V., Lochoro, P., Ictho, J., Occa, E., Chhaganlal, K. D., Segala, F. V., Dall’Oglio, G., Mechendura, B. F., Gomonda, E. D. S., et al. (2026) · PLoS neglected tropical diseases · doi:10.1371/journal.pntd.0014186 · Cited by 1
“…as those lacking adequate water and sanitation facilities, providing insufficient living space, and constructed with unfinished materials (e.g., earth, sand, dung, or palm flooring), were associated with an increased likelihood of malaria, diarrhea, stunting, wasting, underweight, and anemia [19].”
A multidimensional assessment of housing quality and socio-spatial inequality: Evidence from Ghana
Aha, B., Abass, A. S., Alimo, P. K., & Ehwi, R. J. (2026) · Habitat International · doi:10.1016/j.habitatint.2026.103934 · Cited by 2
Impact of the Child-optimized Financial Education (COFE) curriculum among savings group participants in Uganda: A cluster randomised controlled trial
Kim, E. T., Zhou, Y., Mugenyi, L., Lillie, M., Bbosa, J. K., Agaba, C., Ojok, A. M., Hembling, J., Ruhangawebare, G. K., Miller, C., et al. (2022) · Journal of Development Effectiveness · doi:10.1080/19439342.2022.2089201 · Cited by 1
“Household poverty is a major hindrance to children’s optimal health and educational attainment globally (Black et al. 2017; Tusting et al. 2020; AAP Council on Community Pediatrics 2016; Arpino, Gumà, and Julià 2018; Engle and Black 2008).”
Background
Gender differentials in poor self-rated health (SRH) among older adults in India: the influence of household air pollution (HAP)
Saha, J., Saha, J., Roy, A., & Chouhan, P. (2023) · Journal of Public Health · doi:10.1007/s10389-023-02091-0 · Cited by 1
“Furthermore, some studies have concentrated only on children, young and middle-aged populations, although older age groups are also susceptible to the adverse effects of household air pollution on their health (Yaya et al. 2018; Franklin et al. 2019; Tustingi et al. 2020; Saha and Chouhan 2020).”
Potential risk of stunting in children under five years living by the riverside: A systematic review
Restila, R., Wispriyono, B., Arminsih, R., Achmadi, U. F., Miko, T. Y., Djafri, D., & Hananto, M. (2023) · Malaysian Journal of Nutrition · doi:10.31246/mjn-2022-0143 · Cited by 4
Semi-field evaluation of electrocuting eave tubes for the control of endophagic mosquitoes in south-east Tanzania
Shirima, R. S., Katusi, G. C., Mmbando, A. S., Fanuel, G., Aslanis, D., Kadam, S., Lonji, C. T., Sylvester, H. A., Lluberas, M., Okumu, F. O., et al. (2024) · Parasites & Vectors · doi:10.1186/s13071-024-06407-1 · Cited by 1
“Poor house designs in sub-Saharan Africa continue to contribute to malaria transmission [9, 10, 15, 39–41].”
Background
Exploring Malnutrition Risk among Infants under Five Years in Guéra Province, Chad: A Cross-Sectional Study
Minawir, N. M., Mbaga, D. S., Béchir, M., Sodio, B., & Yaro, A. S. (2025) · Food and Nutrition Sciences · doi:10.4236/fns.2025.161006 · Cited by 1
Akkermansia muciniphila Associated with Improved Linear Growth among Young Children, Democratic Republic of the Congo
George, C. M., Birindwa, A., Li, S., Williams, C., Kuhl, J., Thomas, E., François, R., Sanvura, P., Bisimwa, J., Mirindi, P. N., et al. (2022) · Emerging infectious diseases · doi:10.3201/eid2811.212118 · Cited by 1
Socioeconomic status and mental health
Bradley, R. H. (2022) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-323-91497-0.00131-4 · Cited by 1
Global Infant Health
Mwinga, K., Mwinga, N., & Nomaguchi, T. (2020) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-05325-3_44-1
A Comparative Look at Social Housing in Developed and Developing Countries
Emoh, F. I., Macdonald, D., Oham, C. A. C., & Kulothungan, G. (2022) · Advances in business strategy and competitive advantage book series · doi:10.4018/978-1-7998-7724-0.ch005
COVID-19 & informal settlements: is Stay Home safe?Preprint
Nix, E., Paulose, J., Lakhanpaul, M., Factor-Litvak, P. R., Parikh, P., Altamirano, H., Karim, Y. B., & Manikam, L. (2021) · doi:10.14324/111.444/000038.v2

Authors: Tusting, L. S., Gething, P. W., Gibson, H. S., Greenwood, B., Knudsen, J., Lindsay, S. W., & Bhatt, S.
Affiliations: London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine (GB)
University of Oxford (GB)
Royal Danish Academy – Architecture, Design, Conservation (DK)
Durham University (GB)
Corresponding author: Tusting, Lucy S.
ORCID: Tusting, Lucy S.
Gething, Peter W.
Gibson, Harry S.
Greenwood, Brian
Knudsen, Jakob
Lindsay, Steve W.
Bhatt, Samir
Venue: PLoS Medicine
Publisher: Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Published: 2020-03-23
Volume: 17
Issue: 3
Pages: e1003055
ISSN: 1549-1277 (ISSN-L)
1549-1676
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pmed.1003055
PMC: PMC7089421
OpenAlex: W3012798392
Cited by: 130
References: 30
Citations by year: 2026: 21 · 2025: 16 · 2024: 17 · 2023: 16 · 2022: 24 · 2021: 33 · 2020: 3
FWCI: 12.01
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: gold
doi.org
Licence: cc-by
creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (vor)
Locations: PLoS Medicine (publishedVersion, cc-by)
Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Architecture, Design and Conservation (Aarhus School of Architecture, Design School Kolding, The Royal Danish Academy of Fine Arts, Schools of Architecture, Design and Conservation (KADK)) (publishedVersion, other-oa)
Durham Research Online (Durham University) (acceptedVersion)
LSHTM Research Online (London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine) (acceptedVersion)
Durham Research Online (Durham University) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
Figshare (submittedVersion, cc-by)
Funders: Academy of Medical Sciences (SBF004\1080)
European Commission (EDCTP2-programme, EDCTP2)
Department for International Development (N011570)
Global Challenges Research Fund
Directorate for Biological Sciences
Medical Research Council (MR/N011570/2, N011570, MR/R015600/1, MR/N011570/1)
Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BB/R00532X/1)
European and Developing Countries Clinical Trials Partnership (EDCTP2)
Topics: Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Child Nutrition and Water Access
Social Sciences › Urban Studies › Urban and Rural Development Challenges
Health Sciences › Medicine › Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health › Global Maternal and Child Health
Keywords: housing conditions, child health, improved housing, malaria, diarrhea, acute respiratory infections, stunting, wasting, underweight, anemia, household wealth, sanitation, drinking water, sub-Saharan Africa, child mortality, insecticide-treated nets, vaccination status, household crowding
MeSH terms: Child Health, Age Factors, Anemia, Child, Preschool, Cross-Sectional Studies, Diarrhea, Female, Health Status, Health Surveys, Housing, Humans, Infant, Infant, Newborn, Malaria, Male, Prospective Studies, Risk Factors, Sanitation, Child Nutrition Disorders, Africa South of the Sahara, Risk Assessment, Insecticide-Treated Bednets, Drinking Water, Social Determinants of Health, Protective Factors

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

Housing and child health in sub-Saharan Africa: A cross-sectional analysis

Abstract

Overview

Integrity signals

Figures

Verification

Claims the paper makes

Claims other papers make about this one

Self-check

Citations

Cites

Cited by

Related

Metadata

Record

About these checks