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Screening Mosquito House Entry Points as a Potential Method for Integrated Control of Endophagic Filariasis, Arbovirus and Malaria Vectors
Open accessAbstract
BACKGROUND: Partial mosquito-proofing of houses with screens and ceilings has the potential to reduce indoor densities of malaria mosquitoes. We wish to measure whether it will also reduce indoor densities of vectors of neglected tropical diseases. METHODOLOGY: The main house entry points preferred by anopheline and culicine vectors were determined through controlled experiments using specially designed experimental huts and village houses in Lupiro village, southern Tanzania. The benefit of screening different entry points (eaves, windows and doors) using PVC-coated fibre glass netting material in terms of reduced indoor densities of mosquitoes was evaluated compared to the control. FINDINGS: 23,027 mosquitoes were caught with CDC light traps; 77.9% (17,929) were Anopheles gambiae sensu lato, of which 66.2% were An. arabiensis and 33.8% An. gambiae sensu stricto. The remainder comprised 0.2% (50) An. funestus, 10.2% (2359) Culex spp. and 11.6% (2664) Mansonia spp. Screening eaves reduced densities of Anopheles gambiae s. l. (Relative ratio (RR) = 0.91; 95% CI = 0.84, 0.98; P = 0.01); Mansonia africana (RR = 0.43; 95% CI = 0.26, 0.76; P<0.001) and Mansonia uniformis (RR = 0.37; 95% CI = 0.25, 0.56; P<0.001) but not Culex quinquefasciatus, Cx. univittatus or Cx. theileri. Numbers of these species were reduced by screening windows and doors but this was not significant. SIGNIFICANCE: This study confirms that across Africa, screening eaves protects households against important mosquito vectors of filariasis, Rift Valley Fever and O'Nyong nyong as well as malaria. While full house screening is required to exclude Culex species mosquitoes, screening of eaves alone or fitting ceilings has considerable potential for integrated control of other vectors of filariasis, arbovirus and malaria.
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“Studies evaluating physical barriers (e.g. house screening and untreated bed nets) have shown reduction on disease burden in the absence of vector lethality [20,21].”
From Spatial repellents: from discovery and development to evidence-based validation (2012) · cites this paper as [21]
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“Specifically, a randomized controlled trial where screening houses resulted in a 50% reduction in malaria vectors entering the house, produced a 50% reduction in anaemia in young children.”
From Spatial repellents: from discovery and development to evidence-based validation (2012) · cites this paper as [21]
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“In this study, houses were screened with untreated netting and, since they ‘repelled’ mosquitoes and did not kill them, they were protected in a similar manner to that expected for spatial repellents.”
From Spatial repellents: from discovery and development to evidence-based validation (2012) · cites this paper as [21]
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Metadata
- Authors
- Ogoma, S. B., Lweitoijera, D. W., Ngonyani, H., Furer, B., Russell, T. L., Mukabana, W. R., Killeen, G. F., & Moore, S. J.
- Affiliations
- Ifakara Health Institute (TZ)
- University of Bern (CH)
- University of Nairobi (KE)
- Corresponding author
- Ogoma, Sheila B.
- Venue
- PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases
- Publisher
- Public Library of Science (PLoS)
- Published
- 2010-08-03
- Volume
- 4
- Issue
- 8
- Pages
- e773
- ISSN
- 1935-2727 (ISSN-L)
- 1935-2735
- PMC
- PMC2914752
- OpenAlex
- W1991891889
- Cited by
- 153
- References
- 58
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 18 · 2023: 6 · 2022: 10 · 2021: 22 · 2020: 13 · 2019: 8 · 2018: 8 · 2017: 12 · 2016: 13 · 2015: 8 · 2014: 5 · 2013: 13 · 2012: 4
- FWCI
- 6.68
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Locations
- PLoS neglected tropical diseases (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- LSTM Online Archive (Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine) (acceptedVersion)
- IHI Repository (acceptedVersion)
- Durham Research Online (Durham University) (acceptedVersion, other-oa)
- LSHTM Research Online (London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine) (acceptedVersion)
- ResearchOnline - JCU (James Cook University) (submittedVersion)
- Durham Research Online (Durham University) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Greater South Information System
- Funders
- United States Agency for International Development
- Wellcome Trust (076806)
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
- President's Malaria Initiative
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Malaria Research and Control
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Infectious Diseases › Parasitic Diseases Research and Treatment
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Mosquito-borne diseases and control
- Keywords
- house screening, Anopheles gambiae s.l., Anopheles arabiensis, Mansonia, Culex quinquefasciatus, Culex univittatus, Culex theileri, filariasis vectors, arbovirus vectors, Rift Valley fever, malaria vectors, integrated vector management
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Anopheles, Arbovirus Infections, Culex, Filariasis, Housing, Humans, Malaria, Mosquito Control, Rural Population, Tanzania, Mosquito Nets
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