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A Systematic Review of the Incidence, Risk Factors and Case Fatality Rates of Invasive Nontyphoidal Salmonella (iNTS) Disease in Africa (1966 to 2014)

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Uche, Ifeanyi Valentine, MacLennan, Calman A., Saul, Allan·2017·PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases
DOI 10.1371/journal.pntd.0005118PMC PMC5215826
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Abstract

This study systematically reviews the literature on the occurrence, incidence and case fatality rate (CFR) of invasive nontyphoidal Salmonella (iNTS) disease in Africa from 1966 to 2014. Data on the burden of iNTS disease in Africa are sparse and generally have not been aggregated, making it difficult to describe the epidemiology that is needed to inform the development and implementation of effective prevention and control policies. This study involved a comprehensive search of PubMed and Embase databases. It documents the geographical spread of iNTS disease over time in Africa, and describes its reported incidence, risk factors and CFR. We found that Nontyphoidal Salmonella (NTS) have been reported as a cause of bacteraemia in 33 out of 54 African countries, spanning the five geographical regions of Africa, and especially in sub-Saharan Africa since 1966. Our review indicates that NTS have been responsible for up to 39% of community acquired blood stream infections in sub-Saharan Africa with an average CFR of 19%. Salmonella Typhimurium and Enteritidis are the major serovars implicated and together have been responsible for 91%% of the cases of iNTS disease, (where serotype was determined), reported in Africa. The study confirms that iNTS disease is more prevalent amongst Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)-infected individuals, infants, and young children with malaria, anaemia and malnutrition. In conclusion, iNTS disease is a substantial cause of community-acquired bacteraemia in Africa. Given the high morbidity and mortality of iNTS disease in Africa, it is important to develop effective prevention and control strategies including vaccination.

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  • A review published in 2017 found that since 1966, non-typhoidal Salmonella has been a major cause of bacteremia in 33 out of 54 African countries, accounting for up to 39% of community-acquired bloodstream infections in the region and resulting in an average case fatality rate of 19%.

    “A review published in 2017 93 found that since 1966, NTS has been a major cause of bacteremia in 33 out of 54 African countries, accounting for up to 39% of community-acquired bloodstream infections in the region and resulting in an average case fatality rate of 19%.”

    From Antimicrobial Resistance Rates and Surveillance in Sub-Saharan Africa: Where Are We Now? (2022) · cites this paper as [93]

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Sorted by citations

Authors
Uche, I. V., MacLennan, C. A., & Saul, A.
Corresponding author
  • Uche, Ifeanyi Valentine
  • MacLennan, Calman A.
  • Saul, Allan
ORCID
Venue
PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases
Publisher
Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Published
2017-01-05
Volume
11
Issue
1
Pages
e0005118
ISSN
  • 1935-2727 (ISSN-L)
  • 1935-2735
DOI
10.1371/journal.pntd.0005118
PMC
PMC5215826
OpenAlex
W2567899704
Cited by
232
References
4
Citations by year
2026: 21 · 2025: 26 · 2024: 20 · 2023: 28 · 2022: 21 · 2021: 30 · 2020: 33 · 2019: 24 · 2018: 20 · 2017: 9
FWCI
2.55
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
Locations
  • PLoS neglected tropical diseases (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion)
  • Figshare (submittedVersion, cc-by)
Funders
University of Oxford
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Food Science › Salmonella and Campylobacter epidemiology
  • Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Microbiology › Bacterial Infections and Vaccines
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Pneumonia and Respiratory Infections
Keywords
Salmonella typhimurium, Salmonella Enteritidis, bacteremia, case fatality rate, incidence, risk factors, HIV infection, malaria, anemia, malnutrition, sub-Saharan Africa, serotypes, community-acquired bloodstream infection, vaccination
MeSH terms
Humans, Risk Factors, Salmonella Infections, Incidence, Bacteremia, Africa South of the Sahara, Salmonella enterica

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