The DOI matches its Crossref record; 47 of the 47 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Decreases in Community Viral Load Are Accompanied by Reductions in New HIV Infections in San Francisco
Open accessAbstract
BACKGROUND: At the individual level, higher HIV viral load predicts sexual transmission risk. We evaluated San Francisco's community viral load (CVL) as a population level marker of HIV transmission risk. We hypothesized that the decrease in CVL in San Francisco from 2004-2008, corresponding with increased rates of HIV testing, antiretroviral therapy (ART) coverage and effectiveness, and population-level virologic suppression, would be associated with a reduction in new HIV infections. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: We used San Francisco's HIV/AIDS surveillance system to examine the trends in CVL. Mean CVL was calculated as the mean of the most recent viral load of all reported HIV-positive individuals in a particular community. Total CVL was defined as the sum of the most recent viral loads of all HIV-positive individuals in a particular community. We used Poisson models with robust standard errors to assess the relationships between the mean and total CVL and the primary outcome: annual numbers of newly diagnosed HIV cases. Both mean and total CVL decreased from 2004-2008 and were accompanied by decreases in new HIV diagnoses from 798 (2004) to 434 (2008). The mean (p = 0.003) and total CVL (p = 0.002) were significantly associated with new HIV cases from 2004-2008. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: Reductions in CVL are associated with decreased HIV infections. Results suggest that wide-scale ART could reduce HIV transmission at the population level. Because CVL is temporally upstream of new HIV infections, jurisdictions should consider adding CVL to routine HIV surveillance to track the epidemic, allocate resources, and to evaluate the effectiveness of HIV prevention and treatment efforts.
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Cites
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Viral Load and Heterosexual Transmission of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1
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Estimation of HIV Incidence in the United States
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Rates of HIV-1 transmission per coital act, by stage of HIV-1 infection, in Rakai, Uganda.
Wawer, M. J., Gray, R. H., Sewankambo, N. K., Serwadda, D., Li, X., Laeyendecker, O., Kiwanuka, N., Kigozi, G., Kiddugavu, M., Lutalo, T., et al. (2005) · The Journal of Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1086/429411 · Cited by 1,258
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Montaner, J. S., Lima, V. D., Barrios, R., Yip, B., Wood, E., Kerr, T., Shannon, K., Harrigan, P. R., Hogg, R. S., Daly, P., et al. (2010) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(10)60936-1 · Cited by 780
Millett, G. A., Peterson, J. L., Flores, S. A., Hart, T. A., Jeffries, W. L., Wilson, P. A., Rourke, S. B., Heilig, C. M., Elford, J., Fenton, K. A., et al. (2012) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(12)60899-x · Cited by 724
Successes and challenges of HIV prevention in men who have sex with men
Sullivan, P. S., Carballo-Diéguez, A., Coates, T., Goodreau, S. M., McGowan, I., Sanders, E. J., Smith, A., Goswami, P., & Sanchez, J. (2012) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(12)60955-6 · Cited by 382
Sevelius, J. M., Patouhas, E., Keatley, J. G., & Johnson, M. O. (2014) · Annals of Behavioral Medicine · doi:10.1007/s12160-013-9565-8 · Cited by 345
Metadata
- Authors
- Das, M., Chu, P. L., Santos, G.-M., Scheer, S., Vittinghoff, E., McFarland, W., & Colfax, G. N.
- Venue
- PLoS ONE
- Publisher
- Public Library of Science (PLoS)
- Published
- 2010-06-10
- Volume
- 5
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- e11068
- ISSN
- 1932-6203 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2080807877
- Cited by
- 771
- References
- 47
- FWCI
- 57.64
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
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- Das, M., Chu, P. L., Santos, G.-M., Scheer, S., Vittinghoff, E., McFarland, W., & Colfax, G. N. (2010). Decreases in Community Viral Load Are Accompanied by Reductions in New HIV Infections in San Francisco. PLoS ONE. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0011068
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